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English Grammar

Auxiliary Verb in Assamese

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Auxiliary Verb বোৰক প্ৰধানকৈ দুটা ভাগত ভাগ কৰা হৈছে –

1. Primary Auxiliary 2. Model Auxiliary

🔺 Primary Auxiliary Verbs:- am, is, are, was , were, have, has, had

🔺Model Auxiliary Verbs:- Shall, Should, Will, Would, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Ought to

💡Shall/ Will -ৰ ব্যাবহাৰ:-

i) ভবিষ‍্যত কাল বুজাবলৈ Second আৰু Third Person ৰ লগত ‘will‘ কিন্তু First Person (singular বা plural) ৰ লগত ‘Shall‘ ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

যেনে- I shall do it. We shall do it. She/he/they will do it.

ii) জোৰ (emphasis) দি বুজাবলৈ 1st Person ৰ লগত Will আৰু 2nd + 3rd person ৰ লগত Shall ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

যেনে- He shall pass the examination this year.

I will go to hour home tomorrow.

💡Should/ Would ৰ ব্যাবহাৰ –

1. দায়িত্ব বা কৰ্তব্য বুজাবলৈ Should ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

যেনে- You should do your duty.

2. নৈতিক বা সামাজিক দায়বদ্ধতা বুজাবলৈ Should ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

যেনে- You should respect your elder

3. উপদেশ দিবলৈ should ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে- You should consult with a doctor

4. ভদ্ৰতাসূচক প্ৰশ্ন কৰিবলৈ Would ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয়। যেনে- Would you do me a favour?

5. অতীতৰ অভ‍্যাসজনীত কাম বোৰ বুজাবলৈ Would ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

6. কল্পনা কৰিবলৈ Would ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

💡 Can/ Could ৰ ব্যাবহাৰ –

1. বৰ্তমানৰ সামৰ্থ বুজাবলৈ Can ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে – I can speak English.

2. অনুমতি লবলৈ বা দিবলৈ Can ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয়। যেনে – Can i use your phone?

3. সম্ভাৱনা বুজাবলৈ Can ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

4. অতীতৰ সামৰ্থ বুজাবলৈ Could ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

5. ভদ্ৰতা সূচক প্ৰশ্ন কৰিবলৈ Could ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে – Could you please repeat it again?

💡 May / Might ব্যাবহাৰ শিকক-

1. অত্যাধিক সম্ভাৱনা বুজাবলৈ May ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে- It may rain now.

2. সামান্য সম্ভাৱনা বুজাবলৈ Might ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় । যেনে- He might come tomorrow.

3. সন্মানৰ সৈতে অনুমতি লবলৈ বা প্ৰশ্ন কৰিবলৈ May or Might ব্যাবহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি । যেনে- May I come in sir?

💡 Must ৰ ব্যাবহাৰ-

1. নিশ্চয়তা বুজাবলৈ must ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

2. বাধা দিয়া অৰ্থত must ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

3. Obligation বুজাবলৈ must ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

 

 

 

Translation click here

Voice Change in Assamese click here

Preposition in Assamese click here

 

Conjunction

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A conjunction is a connecting word. It is a word which is used to join words or sentences together.

যিবোৰ শব্দ দুটা শব্দ বা বাক্যক সংযুক্ত কৰে সেই শব্দ বোৰক conjunction বোলা হয় ।

যেনে- The boy wrote his answers clearly and legibly. Do you like an orange or an apple? God made the country but man made the town.

লক্ষ্য কৰা যে; ওপৰৰ বাক্য বোৰত ‘and’ , ‘or’, ‘but’, দুটা শব্দ নাইবা বাক্যক সংযুক্ত কৰিছে ।

🔘Kinds of Conjunction :

Conjunction বোৰক তিনি শ্ৰেণীত ভাগ কৰা হয় । যেনে- 1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions. 2. Correlation Conjunction. 3. Subordinating Conjunctions

Voice Change in Assamese

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      Voice Change in Assamese – An action of a subject in relation to an object is expressed in two ways two called Voice.

👉 I write a letter.
👉 A letter is written by me.
        ওপৰৰ Sentence দুটাই একে অৰ্থকেই প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে । কিন্তু সিহঁতৰ আকাৰ বা form বেলেগ । একে অৰ্থকেই বুজাবৰ বাবে sentence ৰ যি দুইৰকমৰ আকাৰ বা form হয়, তাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বোলে ।

 

SEBA HSLC Class 10 Voice Change Solved 1998 – 2025 – click here

 

 

Voice can be categorized into two categories-

 

• Active Voice

 

• Passive Voice

Voice Change in Assamese

• Active Voice :-

In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. These examples show that the subject is doing Example she verb’s action.

Voice Change in Assamese

Structure: Subject + verb + object

Example :

 

1) The cat killed a rat. (মেকুৰীটোৱে এটা এন্দুৰ মাৰি ছিল।)

ওপৰৰ sentence টোৰ ‘cat’ ‘doer of the action’ and ‘rat’ receiver of the action.ইয়াত কৰাটোৱেই পোনপটীয়াকৈ কামটো কৰিছে।গতিকে ই সক্ৰিয় (active) হৈ আছে।

যিবোৰ sentence ৰ doer of the action সক্ৰিয় সেইবোৰ sentence ৰ verb Active Voice ত হয়। ওপৰৰ প্ৰথম sentenceটোৰ ‘killed’verb টো active voiceত আছে।

 

• Passive voice:

 Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

 

Structure:Object + be verb + verb of past participle+ by+ subject

Example :

 

A rat was killed by the cat. (মেকুৰী টোৰ দ্বাৰা এটা এন্দুৰ মাৰাঠী হৈছিল।)

Sentence ত receiver of the action ৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে। ইয়াক object ৰ পৰা আনি subject হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। প্ৰথম sentenceৰ subject’cat’ ইয়াত passive ত আছে। ই ‘by‘ preposition ৰ object ৰূপে ব্যৱহৃত হৈছে

Voice Change in Assamese

Active voice ক passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়মসমুহ :-

 

Rule 1.

  • a) Active voice ৰ subject টো passive voice ৰ object হৈ যায়।
  • b) Active voice ৰ objectহৈ টো passive voice ত subject লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ হয়।
  • C) Main verb ৰ past participle হয় আৰু subject আৰু tense অনুসৰি auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

 

 Rule 2.

  • Indefinite tense:
  • a) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
  • b) Past indefinite was, were
  • c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.

 

  • Continuous tense
  • a) Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.
  • b) Past Continuous was being, were being
  • c) Future Continuous shall be being, will be being.

 

  • Perfect tense
  • a) Present Perfect- has been, have been.
  • b) Past Perfect- had been.
  • c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.

SEBA HSLC Class 10 Voice Change of Last 23 Year’s Solved – click here

Voice Change in Assamese

Rule 3:
a) Present indefinite tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-

Structure : Object change into subject +am/is/are +v3+ by + subject change into object.
Active-He loves me.
Passive- I am loved by him.
Active- we eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by us.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

b) Present continuous tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-
Structure: Object change into subject + am being/is being/are being +v 3+ by +subject change into object.
Active: I am writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by me.
Active: He is doing the sum
Passive: The sum is being done by him.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

c) Present perfect tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-

Structure: Object change into subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by+Subject change into object.
Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active:I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

 

 

d) Past indefinite tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম :-
Structure: Object change into subject + was/were+v3+ by + subject change into object
Active: I ate a mango. 
Passive: A mango was eaten by me.
Active: we caught the thief.
Passive: The thief was caught by us.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

e) Past continuous tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-                                               

Structure: Object change into subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject change into object.               

Active: I was doing the work.          

Passive: The work was being done by me.

Active: They were helping us.         

Passive: we were being helped by them.

 

 

f) Past perfect tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-

Structure: Object change into subject +had been + v3+ by +subject change into object.                                         

  Active: I had lost the ring.                

Passive: The ring had been lost by me.

Active: we had dug the cannel.     

 Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

g)Future indefinite tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম :-
Structure:

Object change into Subject + shall be/will be +
v3+ by + subject change into object.


Active:I shall learn the lesson.
Passive: The lesson will be learnt by me.
Active: Everyone will blame us for this
Passive: we shall be blamed for this by everyone.

 

 

h) Future continuous tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:–
Structure:
Object change into subject + shall be being/will be being +v3+ by + subject change into object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

 

Voice Change in Assamese

i) Future perfect tense ৰ active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম:-
Structure:
Object change into subject + shall have been /will have been+v3+ by + subject change into object.
Active: I will have read the novel.
Passive: The novel will have been read by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

 

 

  • Passive voice ত কেতিয়াবা ” by ” Preposition ৰ পৰিবৰ্তে ” to”,”With”, “at” Preposition হয়।
  • Examples:- Active-I know him.

Passive-He is known to me.

Active-we pleased him.

Passive- He was pleased with us.

Active-Your conduct surprised me.

Passive-I was surprised at your conduct.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

Rule 4:
May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to থাকিলে active voice ৰ পৰা passive voice লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ নিয়ম-


Structure:
Object change into subject + may, might, can, could, must,ought to, going to+be + V3+ by + subject change into object.
Active:I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.

Active: you must do the work.                                                                                                                                                                                                        Passive: The work must be done by you

Active: we ought to obey our teachers.                                                                                                                                                                               Passive:our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.

 

Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

Rule 5                                               

 Retained object (active voice ৰ object টো passive voice তো object হৈ থাকে)Give, teach, ask, fill, buy, promise আদি transitive verb ৰ দুটা object থাকে। passive voice কৰোঁতে এটা subject হয় আৰু আনটো object হৈ থাকে।

Examples–          Active-Rima gave me a pen(retained object)                                                 

                               Passive-I was given a pen by Rima Or A pen was given me by Rima.

Rule 6                                             

Ommission of the agent:কিছুমান sentence ৰ object টোৰ শেষত doer of the action উল্লেখ নাথাকিলেও object ক প্রাধান্য দি অৰ্থ পূর্ণ subject ব্যৱহৃত হয়।

Examples:

Active-people call him Mahatma.                                                                                                                                                                                                Passive-He is called Mahatma.       

Active-I lost the money.                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Passive– The money was lost.

 

N.B : যিবোৰ Active Voice ত doer of the action ৰ প্রাধান্য কম সেইবোৰ Passive Voice ত doer of the action ৰ উল্লেখ নকৰিলেও হয়।

 

Rule 7 Imperative sentence ৰ verb ক passive voice লৈ নিবলৈ হলে sentence ৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ‘let’ বহুৱাব লাগে।

Examples – Active-Do this sum.                                                                                                                                                                                                         Passive-Let this sum be done.                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Active-send for the doctor.                                                                                                                                                                                                           Passive-Let the doctor be sent for.

কেতিয়াবা let নবহাকৈ passive voice কৰা হয়।

Active-please sing a song.                                                                                                                                                                                                             Passive-You are requested to sing a song.

 

Voice Change in Assamese

Rule 8 Passive voice of Interrogative sentence:

Active– What are you doing?                                                                                                                                                                                                                Passive-what is being done by you?

Active-Who broke the glass?                                                                                                                                                                                                        Passive-By whom was the glass broken?

Active-Did he eat the mango?                                                                                                                                                                                                     Passive-Was the mango eaten by him?

 

 

Rule 9 Quasi passive verbs : কিছুমান transitive verbs দেখাতে active voice ত থাকে কিন্তু ইহতেশামুল passive voice ৰ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। এইবোৰেই quasi passive verb.

Examples: Active-Honey tests sweet.                                                                                                                                                                                           Passive– honey is sweet when it is tested.

Active– The rose smells sweet.                                                                                                                                                                                                            Passive-The rose is sweet when it is smelt.

Voice Change in Assamese

 

 

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Voice Change in Assamese

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Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

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Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Tense is a form of a verb that shows if something happens in the past, present or future.

কোনা কাৰ্য্য বা অৱস্হাৰ সময় বুজাবলৈ লগতে এই কাৰ্য্য বা অৱস্হা চলি আছে নে ভৱিষ্যৎ হবনে সম্পূৰ্ণ হৈছে তাকে বুজাবলৈ ক্ৰিয়া (verb) ৰ যি ৰূপ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় তাকে tense বা ক্ৰিয়াৰ কাল বোলে ৷

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি


1.He writes a letter to my mother.
2.He wrote a letter to my sister.
3.He will write a letter to my father.

In sentence 1.the verb write refers the Present time. In sentence 2.the verb wrote refers the past time. In sentence 3.the verb will write refers the future time.

Tense  তিনি প্ৰকাৰৰ : 

1)      Present  Tense (বৰ্তমান কাল )

2)      Past  Tense  (অতীত কাল )

3)      Future  Tense  (ভৱিষ্যত কাল )

 

আকৌ, present tense  চাৰি প্ৰকাৰৰ :

               1) Present  Indefinite Tense

           or

              Simple Present  Tense

            2) Present Continuous Tense

            3) Present Perfect Tense

            4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 

আকৌ Past Tense  চাৰি প্ৰকাৰৰ :

           1) Past Indefinite Tense

                          Or

             Simple Past Tense

          2) Past Continuous Tense

          3) Past Perfect Tense

          4) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 

আকৌ, Future Tense  চাৰি প্ৰকাৰৰ :

      1) Future Indefinite Tense

                               Or

              Simple Future Tense

         2) Future Continuous Tense

         3) Future Perfect Tense

       4) Future Perfect  Continuous  Tense

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি


BASIC TENSE CHART

 

Tense Simple(indefinite) Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
PRESENT Rules Subject+verb(base form or with “es”)+object Subject+am/is/are+(verb first form + ing ) +object/compliment Subject+has/have+pat participle of (3rd form ) +object/compliment Subject+have been/has been+(verb 1st form+ing)+since/for+time reference
PAST Rules Subject+verb 2nd form+object Subject+was/were+verb 1st form+ing+object

1.Subject+had past participle form of verb 3rd form)+object,Before,sub+verb simple past form+object

2.After+subject+had+past participle form of verb+object,Subject+verb simple past form+object

 Subject+had been+verb 1st form+ing+object+for/since+time reference
FUTURE Rules Subject+shall/will+verb 1st form+object Subject+will/shall+be+verb 1st form+ing+object Subject+will/shall+have+verb 3rd form+object Subject+will/shall+have been+verb 1st form+ing+object+for/since+time+reference

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

FORMULAS

PRESENT TENSE

 

 

Sentences Simple(indefinite) Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Affirmative Subject+verb(base form or with es)+object Subject+am/is/are+(verb 1st form+ing)+object+compliment Subject+have/has+past participle of verb(3rd form) Subject+have been/has been+(verb 1st form+ing)+since/for+time
Negative Subject+do/does+not+verb 1st form+object Subject+am/is/are+not+(verb 1st form+ing)+object Subject+has/have+not+past particle of verb(verb 3rd form) Subject+has not been/have not been+(verb 1st form+ing)+since/for+time
Interrogative Do/does+subject+verb 1st form+object Is/am/are+subject+(verb 1st form +ing)+object Has/have+subject+past participle of verb(3rd form) Has/have+subject+been+(verb 1st form+ing)+since/for+time

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

PAST TENSE

 

Sentences Simple(indefinite) Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Affirmative Subject+verb 2nd form+object Subject+was/were+verb(1st form)+ing+object

1.Subject+had+past participle form of verb(3rd form)+object,before,sub+verb simple past form+object

2.After+subject+had+past participle form of verb+object,Subject+verb simple past form+object

 Subject+had +been+verb(1st form)+ing+object+for/since+time
Negative Subject+did not+verb 1st form+object Subject+was not/were not+verb( 1st form)+ing+object Subject+had not+past participle form of verb(3rd form)+object,Before,Sub+verb past simple form+object Subject+had+not+been+verb(1st form)+ing+object+for/since+time
Interrogative Did+subject+verb 1st form+object Was/were+subject+(verb 1st form)+ing+object Had+subject+past participle of verb+object,Before,Sub+verb simple past form+object Had+subject+been+(verb 1st form)+ing+since/for+time

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

FUTURE TENSE

 

Sentences Simple(indefinite) Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous
Affirmative Subject+will/shall+verb 1st form+object Subject+will/shall+be+verb 1st form+ing+object Subject+will/shall+have+verb(3rd form)+object Subject+will/shall+have been+verb(1st form)+ing+object+for/since+time
Negative Subject+will not/shall not+verb 1st form+object Subject+will/shall+not+be+verb(1st form)+ing+object Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+verb(3rd form)+object Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+(verb 1st form)+ing+object+for/since+time
Interrogative Will/shall+subject+verb(1st form)+object Will/shall+subject+be+verb(1st form)+ing+object Will/shall+subject+have+verb(3rd form)+object Will/shall+subject+have been+verb(1st form)+ing+object+for/since+time

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

• A verb that refers to present time is said to be in the Present tense; as,He writes.
• A verb that refers to past time is said to be in the Past tense; as,He wrote.
• A verb that refers to future time is said to be in the Future tense; as,He will write.


Thus there are three main Tenses:The Present, the Past, the Future   The Tense of a Verb shows the time of an action or event.

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি
Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

The Use of Tenses :

 

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

 

• The simple present tense is used

1. To express Habitual Action ; I go to school everyday . He works hard.


2. To express Universal Truth ; Honey is sweet. The earth moves round the sun.


3. To express planned future event ; He leaves for guwahati tomorrow. She comes here on Sunday next.


4. To express ownership ; He owns a Mercedes. I hold a powerful post.


5. To express historical events/ facts ; Alexander now rushes upon the enemy. India becomes free in 1947 .


6. To express quotations ; Shakespeare says, “Neither a borrower nor a lender be .” Gray says, “Let not ambition mock their useful toil. “


7. To express newspaper headlines ;


8. To begin Imperative sentences ; Help the poor. Always speak truth.


9.Simple Present is used for following verbs instead of Present continuous;


• Verbs of Perception: smell, see, notice, hear etc. *Verbs of Possession: belong, contain, own,possess, consists of etc. • Verbs of Appearing: seem, look etc. Verbs of Emotion: refuse, hate, hope, wish, like etc. •Verbs of Thinking: agree, suppose, forget,imagine, remember etc.

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

 

Examples:

     1. She is looking happy. (Wrong)

      = She looks happy. (Correct)

      2.My daughter is liking apples .(wrong)

       = My daughter likes apples. (Correct)

     3. l am thinking he is not honest. (Wrong)

       = I think he is not honest. (correct)

10.Imperative sentences start from Do not Do not make a noise.

●Structure of Affirmative sentences :Subject+Verb(base form or with es) + Object Rima reads book. Amit plays at park. Priyanka speaks truth.

●Structure of Interrogative sentences :Do/Does+Object/Compliment Do you watch news daily? Does he attend classes regularly?

●Structure of Negative sentences : Subject+do/does+not +Verb(First Form) +Object/Compliment He does not take alcohol.

 

• The Present Continuous is used ;


1.For an action going on at the time of speaking: The boys are playing football.


2.For a temporary action: I am reading a novel. (but I am not reading at this moment) Delhi is facing electricity problem these days.


3.For an action that has already been arranged to take place in the near future: l am going to write a letter to my friend.


4.To express actions in progress, but not necessarily at the time of speaking. I am writing a novel these days.

 

● Structure of Affirmative Sentences:Subject+am/is/are+(Verb first form+ing)+object/compliment l am singing a song.


●Structure of Interrogative Sentences:am/is/are +Subject +(Verb first form+ing)+object/compliment Am I singing a song?


●Structure of Negative Sentences:Subject+is/am/are+not+(Verb first form+ing)+object/compliment
Example: I am not singing a song.

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

• The Present Perfect is used to indicate a link
between the present and the past.


1.An action or situation that was started in
the past and continues in the present;
We have lived here since 1996.

 

 

2.An action that was completed in the very
recent past, expressed by just I have just finished my road trip.

 

3.A repeated action in an unspecified period
between the past and nown;
We have visited Manali several times.4.To express news of recent events;
Rupee has fallen against dollar.

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

• Structure of Affirmative sentences: Subject +has/have + Past participle of verb
I have travelled.

Structures of Negative sentences: Subject +has/have not + Past participle of verb I have not travelled. 

Structure of Interrogative sentences:Has/have +Subject +Past participle of verb
Have I travelled?

 

The Present Perfect Continuous is used to expess a continued or on-going action that started in past and is continued till now.

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Use of for and since is there in this tense.
• Use of for: “for” is used before uncertain

time. She has been listening songs for 2 hours.
• Use of Since: “Since”is used for certain time.
She has been living in United States of
America Since 1998.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences:
Subject +has been/have been +(Verb 1st
form + ing)+Since/for +time reference
She has been living in USA for five years.

 

• Structure of Interrogative Sentences:
has/Have +Subject+ been +(Verb 1st form+ing)+Since/for +time reference
Has she been living in USA for five years?


• Structure of Negative Sentences:
Subject +has not been/have not been +(Verb 1St form +ing)+ Since/for +time reference
She has not been living in USA for five years.

The Simple Past tense is used to express an action that is just
completed or just happened.

Time of action
is not specified but it makes a sense that
action is just completed.

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি
Important Uses of simple past tense:

1.Use with “when” and “While“
While I spoke, they dozed.
When I lived in Delhi, I generally travelled by bus.

2.Use with “till“, “until“, “as soon as” and “before“
As soon as I finished the novel, my father arrived.
waited him till it got dark.

3.Use with “wish“
wish I were a Queen.

• Structure of Affirmative sentences Subject +Verb 2nd form+ Object
She loved.

• Structure of Interrogative sentences
Did +Subject+ Verb 1st form+ Object
Did she love?

• Structure of Negative sentences:
Subject +did not + Verb 1St form+Object She did not love.

The Past Continuous is used to express an on-going nature or
continued action till a certain time in past. It is used to talk about a continuing action at a particular time in the past.If starting time of the action is given and
actions remain continued, the Past Continuous Tense becomes Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentence
Subject + Was/Were + Verb (lst form) + ing+Object +(others)
I was playing cricket.

• Structure of Negative Sentence :
Subject + Was not/Were not + Verb (lst form)+ing +Object+ (others)
I was not playing cricket.

The Past Perfect Tense refers to something
that occurred in the past, before another
action in the past.
He had jumped into the water before she told
him how cold it was. It is also used to express unfulfilled wish:If I had requested him, he could have helped me.

• Structure of Affirmative sentences; Subject +had +past participle form of verb+object, before, sub+ verb past simple form+ object
She had loved me before we broke up.

After+ Subject +had +past participle form
of verb+ object, Subject +Verb past simple
form + object
After I had taken my breakfast, I went to
school.

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express a continued or on going action that
started in past and is continued until
sometime in past. There will always a time reference like for a few days, for few months, for 7 years, since Wednesday, since
2013, since January etc. If there is no time
reference, then it is not a Past perfect
continuous tense. Without time reference, it
is Past Continuous Tense.                          

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences:
Subject + had + been + Verb (lst form) + ing +Object + For/Since + Time+Remaining
He had been playing cricket since 1987

• Structure of Negative Sentences:
Subject+ had + Not + been + Verb (lst form)+ing + Object + For/Since + Time +
Remaining
He had not been playing cricket since 1987.

The Simple Future is used to express an action which has not
occurred/happened yet and will
occur/happen after sometime in future.

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি
General Uses:

1. To express Natural/habitual actions in the future.
Winter will come in December.
2. To express offer/Invitation and Suggestion:
Shall I sing a song for you?
3. To express Imagination;
I think he will be the next president of India.
4. To express Intention and strong probability : I am going to buy a motor car. It is going to rain today.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences:
Subject +will/shall +verb first form + object
Namita will dance.                                        

• Structure of Interrogative sentences; will/shall+subject+verb first form+object will Namita dance?               

• Structure of Negative sentences ; Subject+shall/will+not+verb first form+ object Namita will not dance.

The Future Continuous tense is used to express an ongoing or continued
action in future.
General Uses:
1. To express Imaginations;
He will be playing.
2.To expresss plans:
She will be waiting for me.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences:
Subject + Will/Shall+ Be + Verb (Ist form) +ing +Object
She will be playing.

• Structure of Negative Sentences:
Subject + Will/Shall + Not Be + Verb (lst
form)+Ing + Object
She will not be playing.

The Future Perfect is used to express an action which will
happen/occur in future and will be completed
by a certain time of future or by the
end/completion of some action in future.


General Uses:
1.To express actions to be completed by a certain time He will have done the work before we return home.
2.To express assumptions:
You will have heard the name of Steve Jobs.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences: Subject+ Will/Shall+ Have + Verb (3rd form)+Object
Tina will have taken the dinner.

• Structure of Negative Sentences: Subject + Will/Shall+ Not + Have +Verb (3rd
form) +Object Tina will not have taken the dinner

Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express a continued or ongoing action that will commence at a fix time or in future and will continue for some time in future.

• Structure of Affirmative Sentences:
Subject +Will/Shall+ Have been + Verb (Ist
form)+ Ing+Object + For/Since + Time+
Remaining
Priya will have been watching television
since morning.

• Structure of Negative Sentences:
Subject + Will/Shall + Not+ Have been+ Verb(lst form) + Ing + Object + For/Since+Time Priya will have not been watching
television since morning.

 

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

 

 

 

 

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Translation In Assamese click here

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

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Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Tense (কাল) in Assamese ; Tense কেই প্ৰকাৰৰ আৰু কি কি

Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ 

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|| Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ||

   There is no doubt that articles are adjectives since they modify the nouns after them. But articles have some special significance as determiners.  Articles determine the standard of nouns.

  A,An,The- এই তিনিটাক Articles বুলি কোৱা হয় । A আৰু An -ক Indefinite (অনিৰ্দেশক) Article আৰু ‘the’ -ক Definite (নিৰ্দেশক) Article বোলা হয় ।

 

Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ 

 

* There are two types of articles:

1.Definite Article(নিৰ্দেশক) –  the

The makes the noun something particular and definite.

 

Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

2.Indefinite Article(অনিৰ্দেশক) –  a & an

A & an – make the noun something general and indefinite.

 

Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ 

                                     

Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ
Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

 

           Indefinite Article -ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

১) Singular countable noun -ৰ আগত ‘a’ বা ‘an’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় । Consonant sound ৰ আগত a আৰু Vowel sound -ৰ আগত ‘an’ বহে । আখৰ কেইটা Vowel বা Consonent হ’লেই নহয়, ধ্বনিটোৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰিহে a বা an বহে ।
    উদাহৰণ- A boy, An honest boy, A B.A, An M.P, An umbrella, A dog, An ox, An M.A., An M.L.A.


২) কিছুমান শব্দ vowel আখৰেৰে আৰম্ভ হ’লেও আৰম্ভণিৰ ধ্বনিটো ‘yu’ উচ্চাৰণ হ’লে তাৰ আগত ‘a’ বহে ।

    উদাহৰণ- A union, A university, A European, A useful thing.


৩) শব্দৰ আগত থকা ‘O’ এই vowel -ৰ উচ্চাৰণ যদি ‘oa'(ওয়া) ৰ দৰে হয়, তাৰ আগতে ‘a’ বহে ।
    
    উদাহৰণ- A one rupee note, A one-eyed man.


৪) গোটেই শ্ৰেণী বা জাতিটো বুজাবলৈ Singular countable noun -ৰ আগত Articles (a,an) ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। কিন্তু Man আৰু Woman শব্দ এনে অৰ্থত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে Article ব্যৱহাৰ নহয় । Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ 

   উদাহৰণ- A cow is a useful animal.
                  A horse can run fast.
                  A cat is fond of milk.
                  Man is mortal.
                  Woman is physically weak.

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              Definite Article-ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ || Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

 

Use of Article "THE" in Assamese
Use of Article “THE” in Assamese

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Use of Article in Assamese || Articles (A, An, The) ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ 

What Is Articles ? What Is the Defination of Articles ?

Article হ’ল মূলত adjective, যিটোয়ে কোনো noun নির্দিষ্ট নে অনির্দিষ্ট তাক নিৰ্দেশ কৰে। a/an আৰু the ক Articles বুলা হয়। (Articles are basically adjectives defining a noun as specific or unspecific. The and a/an are called articles.)

উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে (Examples):

  1. i) The boy was standing on the roof.
  2. ii) After working for a long time, a cup of tea really stimulates us.

■প্ৰথম উদাহৰণত, article “the এ boy ক আৰু a roof ক নির্দিষ্ট কৈ নির্দেশ কৰিছে।

■ দ্বিতীয় উদাহৰণত, article “a” অনির্দিষ্টভাবে যিকোনো “long time” ক আৰু যিকোনো “cup of tea” ক নির্দেশ কৰিছে।

 

Classification and Different Types of Articles:

ইংৰাজীত দুই ধৰণৰ Articles আছেঃ (In English, articles are classified into two types:)

1) Definite Article and

2) Indefinite Article

(i) Definite Article:

“The” শব্দটোক definite article বুলা হয়। Noun ক নির্দিষ্ট কৰি বুজাবলৈ The ব্যৱহৃত হয়। (“The” is referred to as a definite article. It is used to modify specific or particular nouns.)

উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে (Example):

a ) I really liked the book you gave me.

ইয়াত article “the” এ নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰি কিতাপখনক বুজাইছে যিটো মোক কোনোবাই মোক দিছে।

 

(ii) Indefinite Article

A/An শব্দটোক indefinite article বুলা হয়। অনির্দিষ্ট noun ক বুজাবলৈ A/An ব্যৱহৃত হয়। (The word a/an is called an indefinite article. A/an is used to refer to non-specific or non-particular nouns.)

উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে (Example):

  1. a) I am looking for a book of arts.

ইয়াত article “a” এ সাধাৰণভাৱে যিকোনো arts ৰ কিতাপক বুজাইছে।

 

  1. b) I am looking for an English book.

ইয়াত article “an” এ সাধাৰণভাৱে যিকোনো English কিতাপক বুজাইছে।

 

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Letter (বর্ণ বা আখৰ )

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👉ভাষা লিখিবৰ কাৰণে যিবিলাক চিহ্ন বা চিন ব্যাৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, সেই চিন বিলাককে Letter ( বৰ্ণ ) বোলা হয় । ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ বৰ্ণবোৰ হল :- A,B,C,D ইত্যাদি ।

Alphabets ( বৰ্ণমালা) :-

👉 ইংৰাজী ভাষা লিখোতে ২৬ টা বৰ্ণ বা আখৰ ব্যাৱহাৰ কৰা হয় । এই ২৬ টা বৰ্ণক একেলগে Alphabets ( বৰ্ণমালা ) বোলা হয় ।

Kinds of Letters ( বৰ্ণৰ ভাগ )

👉 ইংৰাজী ভাষাত ২৬ টা বৰ্ণ আৰু আখৰ আছে । এই ২৬ টা আখৰৰ প্ৰতিটো আখৰকে ৪ টা প্ৰকাৰেৰে লিখিব পৰা যায় ।

🔘 বৰ্ণৰ প্ৰকাৰ :- ( kinds of Letters):-

1. Printed Capital Letters ( ছপোৱা ডাঙৰ আখৰ )

2. Printed Small Letters ( ছপোৱা সৰু আখৰ )

3. Cursive Capital Letter

4. Cursive Small Letters

🔘 Capital আৰু Small Letter ৰ ব্যাৱহাৰ ( use of capital and small letter ) :-

👉 ইংৰাজী বাক্য লিখোতে প্ৰথম শব্দটোৰ প্ৰথম আখৰটো ছপোৱা ডাঙৰ ( Capital Letter ) ৰে লিখা হয় । বাক্যৰ অন্য আখৰবোৰ Small Letter ৰে লিখা হয় । কিন্তু বাক্যৰ মাজত নদী, পৰ্বত, গ্ৰন্থ, মানুহ আদিৰ নাম লিখিব লগা হলে প্ৰথম আখৰ Capital হব ।

🔘 Classification of Letter ( বৰ্ণৰ বিভাগ ) :-

👉 ইংৰাজী বৰ্ণমালত মুঠতে ২৬ টা আখৰহে আছে । এই আখৰ ২৬ টাক তিনিটা ভাগত ভাগ কৰা হৈছে । Vowel , Consonant, Semi-Vowel .

ইংৰাজীত বৰ্ণমালাৰ ২৬ টা আখৰৰ ভিতৰত ৫ টা Vowel, ১৯ টা Consonant আৰু ২ টা Semi Vowel আছে । সেইবিলাক হ’ল-

👉 Vowel :- A,E,I,O,U

👉 Consonent :-B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,. P,Q,R,S,T,V,X,Z.

👉 Semi Vowel :- W,Y

W আৰু Y এই Letter দুটা কেতিয়াবা vowel আৰু কেতিয়াবা consonant ৰূপে ব্যাৱহাৰ হয়, সেইকাৰণে ইয়াক semi-vowel বোলা হয় । শব্দৰ আগত বহিলে consonant আৰু পিছত বহিলে vowel হয় ।

🔘 Word (শব্দ) :-

👉এটা বা তাতোকৈ বেছি letter লগ হৈ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিলে তাক word (শব্দ) বোলে । অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিলে একোটা letter ৰেও একোটা word হয় ।

উদাহৰণ- hand (হাত); girl (ছোৱালী); dog ( কুকুৰ)

🔘 Sentence ( বাক্য ) :-

👉দুটা বা তাতকৈ বেছি word লগ হৈ এটা সম্পূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিলে তাক Sentence ( বাক্য ) বোলা হয় । আমাৰ মনৰ কোনো এটা ভাৱ সম্পূৰ্ণকৈ প্ৰকাশ কৰিবৰ কাৰণে কিছুমান word ৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয় । এই word বিলাক একেলগে বহি সম্পূৰ্ণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিলেই তাক Sentence বুলি কোৱা হয় ।

This is a book – এইটো এটা Sentence ।

📋Translation in Assamese click here

📊Basic of Math click here

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Interjection (ভাববোধক অব‍্যয় )

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যি বোৰ word এ মনৰ আনন্দ, বিস্ময় আৰু দুখৰ ভাব প্ৰকাশ কৰে তাকে Interjection বোলে । তলত দিয়া উদাহৰণ বোৰ লক্ষ্য কৰা-

■ Hurrah ! We won the match.- হিপ্ হিপ্ হুৰৰে ! আমি খেলত জিকিলোঁ ।

■ Alas ! my dog is dead. -হায় ! মোৰ কুকুৰটো মৰিল ।

■ Hurrah ! tomorrow is a holiday.- কি মজাৰ কথা, কাইলৈ বন্ধৰ দিন।

■ Oh ! how grand the morning sun is ! – আহ ! পুৱাৰ বেলিটো কেনে ধুনীয়া !

■ Ah ! I have cut my finger. – আহঃ ! মোৰ আঙুলিটো কাটিলে ।

■ Oh ! God save us. – হে ভগৱান ! আমাক ৰক্ষা কৰা ।

ওপৰৰ sentence বোৰত “Hurrah” word টোৱে মনৰ আনন্দৰ ভাব প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে; “Alas” word টোৱে মনৰ দুখ ভাব প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে; “Oh” word টোৱে মনৰ বিস্ময় প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে ।

এই word বোৰ Interjection.

 

 

 

♦ Translation in Assamese click here

♦ All Full Forms Form A-Z click here

Conjunction (সংযোজক অব্যয়)

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যি word -এ দুটা word বা sentence -ক একেলগ কৰে তাকে Conjunction বোলে ।

★ তলত দিয়া Conjunction বোৰ মনত ৰাখা :

But, and, if, because, so, or, as, yet, though, therefore.

● কিছুমান Conjunction -ৰ উদাহৰণ তলত দিয়া হল-

(i) A boy and a girl are coming.

(ii) The girl is sitting but the boy is standing.

(iii) I shall go if he comes.

ওপৰৰ sentence বিলাকৰ and, but, if -এই word বোৰ Conjunction ইহঁতে দুটা word বা sentence ক সংযুক্ত কৰিছে ।

তলত আৰু কিছুমান Conjunction ৰ উদাহৰণ দিয়া হল-

  1. The boy is thin but strong.
  2. Is this man old or young.
  3. Ram and hari are brothers.
  4. The book and the pencil are on the table.
  5. The boy is wicked but intelligent.
  6. Read or write your lesson.

♦ Translation in Assamese click here

♦ All Full Forms Using Alphabet click here

Adjective- বিশেষণ

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This is a thin boy.

  1. This is a fat boy.
  2. A blind man cannot see.
  3. A lame man cannot walk well.

1. নং sentence ত লৰাটো শকত(fat) আৰু 2 নং বাক্যত লৰাটো ক্ষীণ(thin) বুজাইছে । ল’ৰা দুটা কেনেকুৱা ধৰণৰ তাক বুজাইছে ।

3 নং আৰু 4 নং বাক্য দুটাত blind আৰু lame এই word দুটা Noun ৰ আগত বহি মানুহ দুজনে কেনে এই সম্মন্ধ বুজাইছে । blind, lame, fat, thin, হৈছে Adjective.

★মনত ৰাখিবা:- যিবিলাক word এ Noun ৰ গুণাগুণ বা বিশেষত্ব প্ৰকাশ কৰে, ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণত তাক Adjective বোলা হয় । ই প্ৰধানকৈ তিনি প্ৰকাৰৰ ।
              1. Adjective of Quality
              2. Adjective of Quantity.
              3. Pronominal Adjective.

1. Adjective of Quality :

     যি Adjective এ Noun -ৰ দোষ, গুন, আদি বুজায় সেইবিলাক Adjective of Quality বোলে । Red, blue, black, bright, আদি word বিলাক Adjective of Quality.
    Examples: This is a black pencil.
         .             These are bright stars.

2. Adjective of Quantity:-

      যি Adjective এ Noun -ৰ সংখ্যা, পৰিমাণ আদি বুজায় সেইবিলাকক Adjective of Quantity বোলে, যেনে- five, much, many etc.
     Examples:

 

3. Pronominal Adjective:-

        যি Adjective এ Pronoun ৰ সহায় লৈ বহুতৰ মাজত কোনটো সেইটো দেখুৱাই দিয়ে সেইবিলাকেই Pronominal Adjective বোলে ।যেনে- This, Every, which etc.
    Examples: This book is on the table.
                        Which pen is yours.

     ★মনত ৰাখিবা: ইয়াত Adjective বোৰ Noun ৰ আগত বহি Noun ক qualify কৰে অৰ্থাৎ গুণাগুণ প্ৰকাশ কৰে ।

 

ATTRIBUTIVE AND PREDICATIVE USE OF ADJECTIVE

       Adjective বোৰ সাধাৰণতে Noun ৰ আগত বহুৱাই সেইবোৰৰ দোষ, গুণ, অৱস্থা, পৰিমাণ আদি বর্ণনা কৰা হয় । Adjective ৰ এইবিধ ব‍্যৱহাৰক Attributive use অৰ্থাৎ ‘আৰোপক ব‍্যৱহাৰ’ বোলা হয় ।

 

      Adjective বোৰ আকৌ Noun -ৰ আগত নবহুৱাই Verb বোৰ সাধাৰণতে be, become, get, seem, grow, আদি হয় ।

     Adjective ৰ এইবিধ  ব‍্যৱহাৰক সম্পূৰক ব‍্যৱহাৰ, PREDICATIVE USE বোলা হয় ।

 

      Example:-

        Adjective                    Attributive use                      Predicative Use
           old                     He is an old man                        He is old        
         Good              A good boy reads regularly            Her handwriting is good.
       Great                 A great man will come                  Gandhi ji is great
       Tall                   Rani is a tall girl               Rani is growing tall

 

 

 

 

 

 

 






ওপৰৰ উদাহৰণবোৰত দেখা যায় যে Adjective এ verb ৰ পাচত বহি পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী Noun ক Qualify কৰিছে । Adjective ৰ এনে ধৰণৰ প্ৰয়োগৰ Predicative Use of Adjective বোলা হয় ।

 

 

Comparison Of Adjective

 

   Adjective ৰ তুলনা কৰিবলৈ তিনিটা form আছে । ভাল বা বেয়া নাইবা উত্তম, মধ্যম, অতি উত্তম বুজাবৰ কাৰণে Degree of Comparison ব্যবহাৰ কৰা হয় ।

 

  •   Ram is a good boy
  • Abhijit is better than Ram
  • Prince is the best of all

       এই বাক্য তিনিটাত good এ কাৰো লগত তুলনা নকৰাকৈ ভাল (গুণ), better এ দুজনৰ মাজত ভাল আৰু best এ সকলোতকৈ ভাল বুজাইছে । এনেদৰে দোষ, গুণ, পৰিমাণৰ, মাত্ৰা বুজাবলৈ Adjective ৰ তিনিটা Degree of Comparison আছে । সেইবোৰ হ’ল-

  1. The Positive Degree.
  2. The Comparative Degree.
  3. The Superlative Degree.

     ★মনত ৰাখিবা :- Comparative Degree ৰ Adjective ৰ পাচত সাধাৰণতে than আৰু Superlative Degree ৰ Adjective আগত the বহে । Unique(অদ্বিতীয়) আৰু almighty(সৰ্বশক্তিমান) শব্দৰ Comparative বা Superlative নহয় ।

Formation of Comparative and Superlative Degree

Positive Comparative Superlative
able abler ablest
brave braver bravest
bright brighter brightest
bold bolder boldest
big bigger biggest
bad,evil,ill worse worst
deep deeper deepest
easy easier easiest
few fewer fewest
fat fatter fattest
far farther farthest
fast faster fastest
fine finer finest
great greater greatest
good better best
heavy heavier heaviest
high higher highest
kind kinder kindest
late later last
little less least
lazy lazier laziest
long longer longest
many more most
much more most
noble nobler noblest
near nearer nearest
old older oldest
often oftener oftenest
rich richer richest
small smaller smallest
short shorter shortest
strong stronger strongest
soon sooner soonest
sad sadder saddest
tall taller tallest
thick thicker thickest
ugly uglier ugliest
wealthy wealthier wealthiest
well better

best

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

            ugly                     uglier      

         ugliest        
          wealthy           wealther       wealthiest
        well/good          better       best
        white         whiter    whitest

 

 

 

 

          wide                           wider                           widest
       young           younger        youngest
        thin        thinner         thinnest
    beautiful   more beautiful      most beautiful

 

 

 

           difficult                   more difficult     most difficult   
      handsome    more handsome  most handsome
        honest      more honest  most honest
     intelligent  more intelligent  most intelligent
   interesting  more interesting  most interesting
   important more important  most important

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                              –Assam Study Hub

 

 

 

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

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সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese – A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. অসমীয়া ব্যাকৰণত, সৰ্বনাম হৈছে সেই শব্দবোৰ যিবোৰ বিশেষ্যৰ সলনি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, যাতে একেটা বিশেষ্যকে বাৰে বাৰে উল্লেখ কৰিবলগীয়া নহয়। অৰ্থাৎ, বিশেষ্যৰ সলনি ব্যৱহৃত হোৱা পদক সৰ্বনাম বোলে। 

  1. Anil is a boy
  2. He always goes to school.

  
      ওপৰৰ প্ৰথম বাক‍্যৰ “Anil” – word টো Noun. দ্বিতীয় বাক‍্যত “He” word -টো “Anil”-ৰ সলনি বহিছে । He word -টো “pronoun”.
    Noun -ৰ সলনি ব্যাবহাৰ হোৱা word -ক Pronoun বোলে । অসমীয়া ব্যাকৰণত সর্বনাম পদটোক ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণত Pronoun বোলা হয় । সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

Examples:-
 
●Riyu(noun) is coming.She (Pronoun) is beautiful.

● Ram is here. He is strong.

●The book is on the table. This is my book.

●Gopal is a good boy.You are Gopal.

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese
সর্বনাম || Pronoun in Assamese

◆Pronoun -বিলাকক তলত দিয়া ৮ ভাগত ভাগ কৰা হৈছে-

  1. Personal Pronoun– ব্যক্তিবাচক সর্বনাম
  2. Demonstrative Pronoun– নির্দেশক সর্বনাম
  3. Reflexive Pronoun– আত্মবাচক সর্বনাম
  4. Interrogative Pronoun– প্ৰশ্নবাচক সর্বনাম
  5. Indefinite Pronoun– অনিশ্চয়তা বাচক
  6. Distributive Pronoun– বিভাজক সর্বনাম
  7. Relative Pronoun– সম্মন্ধবাচক সর্বনাম
  8. Reciprocal Pronoun– পাৰস্পৰিক সর্বনাম


সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

1. Personal Pronoun:

যি pronoun ব্যাক্তিবাচক noun ৰ সলনি ব্যাবহাৰ কৰা হয় তাক Personal Pronoun বোলে ।
I, you, he, she, mine, her, him, my, আদি personal pronoun.
   
      Examples: He is Ram, You are Jadu, This book is mine.



2. Demostrative Pronoun:

যি pronoun -এ কোনো ব্যাক্তি বা বস্তুক নিৰ্দেশ কৰি দেখুৱায় তাক Demonstrative Pronoun বোলে । This, That , These  আদি Demonstrative Pronoun.
       
Examples- This is my pen.
                            Those are your books.
                            That is his pen.

3. Reflexive Pronoun:

যি Pronoun ৰ নিজা অৰ্থ বুজাবৰ কাৰণে ব্যাবহার কৰা হয় তাক Reflexive Pronoun বোলে । Singular Noun ৰ পাছত ‘self’ আৰু plural noun ৰ পাচত ‘selves’ যোগ দি Reflexive Pronoun গঠন কৰা হয় । Myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves আদি Reflexive Pronoun.
       
Examples:- You read yourself.
                      I myself caught the thief.
                      We shall do it ourshelves.

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

4. Interrogative Pronoun :

যি Pronoun প্রশ্ন কৰাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় তাক Interrogative Pronoun বোলে । Who, which, what, আদি Interrogative Pronoun.
   
Example:- Who is Mira?
                    What is your name?
                    Which is your pen?

5. Indefinite Pronoun:-

যি Pronoun -এ কোনো নিৰ্দিষ্ট ব্যাক্তি বা বস্তুক নুবুজায় তেনে Pronoun ক Indefinite Pronoun বোলে । One , anybody, none, everyday, some, many all আদি Indefinite Pronoun.

Example:- One must do it.
                    Anybody can do this work.
                    Everyone should take care of              
                    his health.
                    None will live forever.

6. Distributor Pronoun:-

যি Pronoun এ দুটা  বহুতোৰ মাজৰ এটাক বুজায় তাক Distributive Pronoun বোলে । Each, Either and Neither are called Distributive Pronoun.
   Examples:-
  • You may take either of these two books.
  • Each of the two boys can sing.      
                             
  • Neither of the two boys is good.
                 
সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

7.  Relative Pronoun:-

যি Pronoun- এ কোনো Noun বা Pronoun -ৰ পাছত বহি সেই Noun বা Pronoun – ৰ লগত নিজৰ সম্মন্ধ দেখুৱায় তাক Relative Pronoun বোলে । Relative Pronoun -এ দুটা বাক্য লগ লগায় । Who, which, what, that -এইবিলাক Relative Pronoun.
     
  Examples:-
    • This is Ram. He is a good boy.
 .  =This is Ram who is a good boy.       
                      
   • He gave me the pen. I have lost that.    
   =He gave me the pen that I have lost.


8. Reciprocal Pronoun:-

যি Pronoun -এ পৰস্পৰৰ লগত সম্পৰ্ক বুজায় তাক Reciprocal Pronoun বোলে । ‘Each other’ আৰু ‘One another’ – এই দুটা Reciprocal Pronoun.
       Examples:- Ram and Hari love each other
        The boys of the class love one another.


সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

          ★ USE OF SOME PRONOUNS ★

 

One, ones, none, no-one, each, other, any, some, each-other, one another.


                     Translation

1 . কোনেও এইটো কৰা উচিত নহয়।                 
 = One should not do it

2. তেওঁ কেতিয়া আহিব কোনেও ক’ব নোৱাৰে ।
= No one can say when he will come.

3. প্ৰত্যেকেই প্ৰত্যেকৰ কাম কৰা উচিত ।
= One should do one’s duty.

4. তেওঁ কেতিয়া ঢুকাব কোনেও ক’ব নোৱাৰে ।
= No one can say when he will die.

5. ল’ৰাবিলাকৰ কোনোজনেই ভাল নহয় ।
= None of the boys is good.

6. মোক আন এখন কিতাপ দিয়া, এইখন ভাল বেয়া কিতাপ ।
= Give me another book, this is a bad one.

7. কিতাপবোৰৰ কিছুমান হেৰাইছিল ।
= Some of the books were lost.

8. মোৰ বহুত কিতাপ আছে, তোমাক কোনোবা এখন লাগিবনে ?
= I have many books, do you want any?



সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

★মনত ৰাখিবা:- One -ৰ সলনি one বা ones হে ব্যাবহাৰ হয়; he, his বা her ব‍্যৱহাৰ নহয় । কিন্তু one ৰ আগত no বা any থাকিলে তাৰ সলনি he, she আদি বহে ।

Affirmative Sentence -ত some, negative, আৰু Interrogative Sentence -ৰ উভয় বচনত any ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।

 

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese – অসমীয়া ব্যাকৰণত, সৰ্বনাম হৈছে সেই শব্দবোৰ যিবোৰ বিশেষ্যৰ সলনি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, যাতে একেটা বিশেষ্যকে বাৰে বাৰে উল্লেখ কৰিবলগীয়া নহয়। অৰ্থাৎ, বিশেষ্যৰ সলনি ব্যৱহৃত হোৱা পদক সৰ্বনাম বোলে।
 
সৰ্বনামৰ উদাহৰণ: 
 
  • মই (Moi) – মই ভাত খাওঁ।
  • তুমি (Tumi) – তুমি কি কৰিছা?
  • তেওঁ (Teõ) – তেওঁ পঢ়ি আছে।
  • তাই (Tai) – তাই গৈ আছে।
  • সি (Shi) – সি খেলিবলৈ গৈছে।
  • আমি (Ami) – আমি যাওঁ।
  • তোমালোক (Tomalok) – তোমালোক আহা।
  • তেওঁলোক (Teõlok) – তেওঁলোক গৈ আছে।
  • ই (i) – ই এটা ভাল কিতাপ।
  • যি (Ji) – যি জনে কৈছিল, তেওঁ ভাল মানুহ।
  • কোন (Koon) – কোন আহিছে?
সৰ্বনামৰ প্ৰকাৰ: 
 
সৰ্বনামক বিভিন্ন ভাগত ভাগ কৰিব পাৰি, যেনে- 
 
  • ব্যক্তিবাচক সৰ্বনাম (Personal Pronouns): মই, তুমি, সি, তাই, তেওঁ, আমি, তোমালোক, তেওঁলোক ইত্যাদি।
  • আত্মবাচক সৰ্বনাম (Reflexive Pronouns): নিজকে, আপোনাক ইত্যাদি।
  • সন্দেহবাচক সৰ্বনাম (Interrogative Pronouns): কোন, কি, ক’ত ইত্যাদি।
  • আত্মবাচক সৰ্বনাম (Reflexive Pronouns): নিজকে, আপোনাক ইত্যাদি।
  • সংযোগবাচক সৰ্বনাম (Relative Pronouns): যি, যাৰ ইত্যাদি।
সৰ্বনামৰ ব্যৱহাৰ: 
 
সৰ্বনামে বাক্যক অধিক স্পষ্ট আৰু সংক্ষিপ্ত কৰে। বাৰে বাৰে একেটা বিশেষ্য ব্যৱহাৰ নকৰি সৰ্বনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে বাক্যটো শুৱলা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, যদি আপুনি “ৰামে কিতাপখন পঢ়ি আছে” বুলি কয়, তেন্তে সৰ্বনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আপুনি “তেওঁ কিতাপখন পঢ়ি আছে” বুলি ক’ব পাৰে। 

সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese

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সর্বনাম || Pronoun Explanation in Assamese