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Class - 10 ( HSLC )

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

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Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া প্ৰশ্নৰ উত্তৰ

If you are preparing for the HSLC 2026 Examination, then this page provides you with complete SEBA Class 10 Assamese Question Answers for all chapters based on the latest syllabus.

Here, you will find chapter-wise solutions of Axomiya Sahitya Chayanika (Second Part) including important lessons like Borgeet by Madhavdev, Jikir by Ajan Fakir, Moi Axomiya, Drishyantar, Bharatiya Sanskriti, and more.

All answers are written in simple Assamese language, making it easy for students to understand and score high marks in the exam.

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

📌 What you will get:

  • ✔️ All Chapter Question Answers
  • ✔️ Easy Explanation (Assamese Medium)
  • ✔️ Important Exam Questions
  • ✔️ SEBA Latest Syllabus 2026
  • ✔️ HSLC Preparation Notes

This guide is specially designed for students of Assam Board (SEBA) to help them in board exam preparation, revision, and scoring high marks.

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer | SEBA HSLC ASSAMESE All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান
Class 10 Assamese Question Answer | SEBA HSLC ASSAMESE All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান
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Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer

SEBA Class 10 Assamese all chapter solutions with textbook answers and video explanations.

বৰগীত – শ্ৰীশ্ৰীমাধৱদেৱ
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জিকিৰ – আজান ফকিৰ
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প্ৰশস্তি – ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী
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মই অসমীয়া – চৈয়দ আব্দুল মালিক
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দৃশ্যান্তৰ – হৰেকৃষ্ণ ডেকা
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উদ্যোগী হওঁ আহাঁ – দেৱজিৎ ভূঞা
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ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি – হেম বৰুৱা
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অসমৰ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ গাঁথনি আৰু সংস্কৃতি – আব্দুছ ছাত্তাৰ
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ইন্টাৰনেটৰ তিতা-মিঠা – ড প্ৰণমী দত্ত
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অৰুণিমা সিন্হা – জয়শ্ৰী গোস্বামী মহন্ত
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অৰণ্যযাত্ৰা – অনুৰাধা শৰ্মা পূজাৰী
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পাৰস্যত এভুমুকি
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কানাইৰ চাতুৰী – শ্ৰীধৰ কন্দলী
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ধৰ ঝাড়ু ধৰ ভাই – অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী
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বিষাদ যোগ
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প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতীয় শিক্ষা – হেমচন্দ্ৰ গোস্বামী
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FAQs

Q. Are these SEBA Assamese solutions helpful?
Yes, these answers are simple and exam-oriented.

Q. Can I prepare for HSLC using this?
Yes, all chapters are covered for preparation.

https://youtu.be/_qi65lLjs1A?si=LUQeij7sLnwvRiTb
 
Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

Vocabulary fill-in-the-blanks of HSLC Exam Questions from 1998-2026 – click here

 

প্ৰত্যয় কাক বোলে || প্ৰত্যয় HSLC Previous Year Solved General SCIENCE Grammar – click here

 

HSLC Previous Year’s Question in PDF – click here

 

SEBA Class – 10 All Solutions – click here

 

আবেদন || শিক্ষান্ত পৰীক্ষাৰ আগত তুমি বাস কৰা এলেকাত সঘনাই বিদ্যুত কটনৰ বাবে হোৱা অসুবিধাৰ কথা জনাই বিভাগীয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষলৈ এখন আবেদন পত্র লিখা। (আবেদন / প্ৰতিবেদনত নাম-ঠিকনা নিলিখিবা) [HSLC ’12, ’14 ] – click here

General SCIENCE Application || শাৰীৰিক অসুস্থতাৰ বাবে চতুৰ্থ পিৰিয়ডৰ পাছত ছুটি বিচাৰি বিদ্যালয়ৰ অধ্যক্ষকলে আবেদন লিখা। (নাম, ঠিকনা নিলিখিবা) [HSLC ’12] – click here

CLASS 10 : General SCIENCE GRAMMAR : বিপৰীতাৰ্থক শব্দ : SEBA : H.S.L.C. Previous Year’s EXAM QUESTIONS Answers Solution – click here

প্ৰতিবেদন || তোমাৰ অঞ্চলৰ বাট-পথ দলং আদি নষ্ট হোৱাৰ সৈতেৰে মেম্বাৰৰ কাৰণে চৰকাৰৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিব খুজি এখন প্ৰতিবেদন লিখা। [HSLC ’17] – click here

CLASS 10 : General SCIENCE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

আবেদন পত্ৰ || অসমীয়া বিষয়ৰ দুয়োটা পাঠ তুমি ভালদৰে বুজি পোৱা নাই ইয়াৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় অতিৰিক্ত পাঠদানৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰি দিবৰ বাবে প্ৰধান শিক্ষককলে এখন আবেদন পত্ৰ লিখা। [HSLC 15]

ASSEB Class -10 English | Lesson 1: A Letter to God | MCQ Test Series – click here

IMPORTANT WEB-LINKS
✅ Official Website Click Here
✅ WhatsApp Group For Competitive Exam Solutions Click here
✅ WhatsApp Group For All HSLC Solutions Click Here
✅ For Jobs Update Government job opportunities Click Here
✅ Telegram Group click here
✅ FaceBook Page click here

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

Class 10 Assamese Question Answer  | SEBA HSLC All Chapter Solutions | দশম শ্ৰেণী অসমীয়া সমাধান

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

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SOURCES OF ENERGY

Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

PAGE – 243

  1. What is a good source of energy?

Ans: A good source of energy fulfills the following criteria –

  1.  It produces a lot of heat per unit mass.
  2. It does a huge amount of work per unit mass.
  3. It is easily accessible.
  4. It is easy to store and transport.
  5. It is economial.
  6. It produces less amount of smoke.

2. What is a good fuel ?

Ans : Following should be the characterstics of a good fuel:

  1. It should be fairly cheap.
  2. It should be easily available.
  3. Its ignition temperature should be reasonably above normal temperature.
  4. It should not produce during burning any poisonous materials and irrigating fumes.
  5. It should be conveniently handled and transported.
  6. Its combustion rate should be steady and controlable.
  7. It should not leave only residues or ash after burning.
  8. It should burn in a way that can be controlled.

3. If you could use any source of energy for heating your food ,which one would you use and why?

Ans: We would prefer  to use cooking gas like LPG or CNG . It fulfills many of the criteria of a good fuel,most important like ignition temperature good calorific value and non pollution characteristics.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

PAGE – 248

  1. What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

Ans: The disadvantages of fossil fuels are –

  1. Burning of coal and petroleum produces a lot of pollutants causing air pollution.
  2. Fossil fuels release oxides of carbon, nitrogen , sulphar etc. that causes acid rain , which effects the soil fertility and potable water.
  3. Burning of fossil fuels produces gases such as carbon dioxide that causes global warming.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

2. Why are we looking at alternate sources of energy ?

Ans : The most important convenient and largely developed coventional source of energy are fossil fuels like petroleum,coal etc. Besides causing pollution problems,these sources are not renewable sources and with modern development and large scale usage their stocks are developing . We would thus in future have serious energy crisis. Therefore, it is urgently required to look for alternate source of energy.

3. How has the traditional use of wind and water energy been modified for convenience ?

Ans: i. Wind energy : Windmill forms are constructed at places where wind flows for greater part of the year at a speed greater than 15 km/ hr . The kinetic energy of the wind is converted into rotatory motion of windmill. Then the rotatory motion of the windmill is used to turn the turbine of electric generator.

ii. Water energy :  To use water energy for producing electricity a large number of high rise dams are constructed on the suitable river spots to construct the flow of water and collect water in large reservoirs. The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into potential energy . Then, the water from the high level in the dam is carried through pipes to the turbine at the bottom of the dam.Thus,the potential energy of the falling water is converted into electrical energy.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

PAGE- 253

  1. What kind of mirror concave,convex or plain would be best suited for use in a solar cooker?Why?

Ans: A concave mirror is used in a solar cooker for this purpose because the mirror focuses all the incident sunlight at a point . The temperature at the point increases,thereby cooking and healing the food placed at that point.

2. What are the limitations of the energy that can be obtained from the oceans?

Ans: The forms of energy that can be obtained from ocean are tidal energy , wave energy ocean thermal energy.

There are several limitations in order to harness these energy –

  1. Tidal energy depends on the relatively positioning of the earth,moon and sun .
  2. High dams are required to be build to convert tidal energy into electricity.
  3. Very strong waves are required to obtain electricity from wave energy.
  4. To harness oceans thermal energy of efficiently the difference in the temperature of the surface water (hot) and the water to depth(cold) must be 20 c or more.

3. What is geothermal energy ?

Ans: The interior or desper regions of earth’s crust are very hot ,the temperature is so high that even rocks melt,if this heat is utilized as a source of energy it is called geothermal energy.

4. What are the advantages of nuclear energy ?

Ans: The advantages of nuclear energy are as follows –

  1. Large amount of energy is produced per unit mass.
  2. It does not produce smoke.It is a clean energy.
  3. Fission of 1 atom of uranium produces 10 million times the energy released by burning of atom of carbon.
  4. Fission of four hydrogen atoms,produces huge amount of energy approx equal to 27 (Megaelectronvolt) MeV

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

PAGE-253

1. Can any source of energy be pollution free? Why or why not?

Ans:   Yes, there can be source of energy that can be pollution free in using it e.g. sun’s energy that is used in solar cooker , solar water heater , solar cell panels.

2. Hydrogen has been used as a rocket fuel. Would you consider it a cleaner fuel than CNG ? Why or why not?

Ans: Hydrogen is a cleaner fuel than CNG because it does not give carbon dioxide and also there is no fear of its insufficient combustion.However ,It cannot be replaced for CNG till proper devices are developed for its use as a domestic fuel.

PAGE – 254

  1. Name two energy sources that you would consider to be renewable. Give reasons for your choice.

Ans:

  1. Energy derived from biomass is a remarkable source of energy because waste product are continuously produced . Plants and trees are also grown at all reasonable intervals.
  2. The energy derived from the flowing water , wind , sun and oceans are renewable sources because these sources can be harvested into energy so long as the present solar system exits.

2. Give the names of two energy sources that you would consider to be exhaustible. Give reasons for your choices.

Ans: Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are exhaustible sources of energy.The estimated reserves of these fuels are said to last us for about another 200 years while it takes millions of years for these to be produced.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14
SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

PAGE – 254

  1. A  solar water heater can not be used to hot water on
  1. A sunny day
  2. A cloudy day
  3. A hot day
  4. A windy day

Ans:b. A cloudy day

2. Which of the  following is not  an example of a bio mas source?

  1. Wood
  2. Gobar gas
  3. Nuclear energy
  4. Coal

Ans: c. Nuclear energy

3. Most of the sources of energy we use represent stored solar energy.Which of the following is not ultimately derived from the sun’s energy?

  1. Geothermal energy.
  2. Wind energy
  3. Nuclear energy
  4. Bio mass

Ans: c. Nuclear energy

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

4. Compare and contrast fossil fuels and the sun as direct sources of energy.

Ans:

Fossil fuel Sun
i. It is non – renewable i. It is renewable
ii. It causes pollution in the environment. ii. It does not cause pollution.
iii. It is expensive , not easily available any time and anywhere. iii. It is cheap , easily available for most of the time and at most of the places.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

5. Compare and contrast biomass and hydroelectricity as sources of energy.

Ans:

Biomass Hydroelectricity
i. It causes pollution. i. It does not cause pollution.
ii. It is cheap and easily available. ii. It is expensive and not easily available.
iii. Initial cost for forming the energy bio-gas plant is very cheap,maintenance is also cheap. iii. The initial cost of building the power plant is expensive, its maintenance is also expensive.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

6. What are the limitations of extracting energy from –

  1. The wind
  2. Wave
  3. tides

Ans: a. Limitations of wind energy:

  1. need a large ope space to couple a number of wind mills.
  2. can be tapped only during specific periods when the wind speed is above 15 km/h
  3. wear an tear of wind mill parts is quite high.

b. Limitations of wave energy :

  1. The place and time is limited when the waves are strong.
  2. Initial setup cost is expensive.
  3. Efficiency is low.

c. Limitations of tides energy:

  1. The areas where tidal energy can be harnessed is less.
  2. The efficiency is very low.
  3. The plants are not cost effective.

7. On what basis would you classify energy sources as

  1. renewable and non renewable
  2. exhaustible and inexhaustible

Are the options given in (a) and (b) the same?

Ans: Both (a) and (b) option are same

 

Renewable/Inhaustible Non-renewable/Exhaustible
i. They are also called exhaustible i. They are called as exhaustible
ii. The energy source that will not finish and can be renewed or made again is called renewable source of energy e.g sun, wind , water ii. The energy source that will finish and will get exhausted and can not be made very soon or takes million of years for its formation e.g fossil fuels, petrol, coal

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

8. What are the qualities of an ideal source of energy?

Ans: An ideal source of energy:

  1. must give an adequate amount of heat energy.
  2. must be convenient to use so as to give energy at a steady rate.
  3. must be easy to store and transport.
  4. It should not cause any environmental pollution.

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a solar cooker?

Are there places where solar cookers would have limited utility?

Ans: Advantage of solar cooker:

a. it is cheap and easy to handle.

b. It is pollution free heating device.

Disadvantage of solar cooker:

a. It is very slow, takes long time for cooking.

b. Solar cookers do not work on a cloudy day.

c. The reflectors position need to be monitored so as it reflects the sunlight at the centre focused point of the solar  cooker.

Yes, the places where sun’s energy is not sufficient ,the use of solar cookers would be limited.

10. What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand for energy? what steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption?

Ans: No matter what source of energy is used , increasing demand would disturb the environment in some way or the other.either it would cause more pollution or cause environmental damage. Development and consumption of energy would go together.therefore we should concentrate more on finding better and alternative sources of energy.when looking for alternative sources ,the following  points should be kept in mind.

i. Ease and cost of extracting energy.

ii. The efficient of the available technology.

iii. Environmental impact of using that sources.

 

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

Vocabulary fill-in-the-blanks of HSLC Exam Questions from 1998-2025 – click here

 

প্ৰত্যয় কাক বোলে || প্ৰত্যয় HSLC Previous Year Solved Assamese Grammar – click here

 

HSLC Previous Year’s Question in PDF – click here

 

SEBA Class – 10 All Solutions – click here

 

আবেদন || শিক্ষান্ত পৰীক্ষাৰ আগত তুমি বাস কৰা এলেকাত সঘনাই বিদ্যুত কটনৰ বাবে হোৱা অসুবিধাৰ কথা জনাই বিভাগীয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষলৈ এখন আবেদন পত্র লিখা। (আবেদন / প্ৰতিবেদনত নাম-ঠিকনা নিলিখিবা) [HSLC ’12, ’14 ] – click here

Assamese Application || শাৰীৰিক অসুস্থতাৰ বাবে চতুৰ্থ পিৰিয়ডৰ পাছত ছুটি বিচাৰি বিদ্যালয়ৰ অধ্যক্ষকলে আবেদন লিখা। (নাম, ঠিকনা নিলিখিবা) [HSLC ’12] – click here

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : বিপৰীতাৰ্থক শব্দ : SEBA : H.S.L.C. Previous Year’s EXAM QUESTIONS Answers Solution – click here

প্ৰতিবেদন || তোমাৰ অঞ্চলৰ বাট-পথ দলং আদি নষ্ট হোৱাৰ সৈতেৰে মেম্বাৰৰ কাৰণে চৰকাৰৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিব খুজি এখন প্ৰতিবেদন লিখা। [HSLC ’17] – click here

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

IMPORTANT WEB-LINKS
✅ Official Website Click Here
✅ WhatsApp Group For Competitive Exam Solutions Click here
✅ WhatsApp Group For All HSLC Solutions Click Here
✅ For Jobs Update Government job opportunities Click Here
✅ Telegram Group click here
✅ FaceBook Page click here

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

SOURCES OF ENERGY Class -10 Solutions for Science Chapter -14

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

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CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

ব্যাসবাক্যৰে সৈতে সমাসৰ নাম লিখা :

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2007,09,12

সমাস কাক বোলে উদাহৰণ দি বুজাই লিখা?

উত্তৰ- দুটা বা ততোধিক পৰস্পৰ সংগতি থকা পদ একত্ৰিত হৈ বিশেষ অৰ্থযুক্ত একোটা পদ গঠন হোৱা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোকে সমাস বোলে।

উদাহৰণ- উপবন – বনৰ সমীপ। (অব্যয়ভাৱী সমাস)

নৱৰত্ন – ন ৰত্নৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2010

দোমাহী – দুই মাহৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

চক্ৰপাণি – চক্ৰ আছে পাণিত যাৰ তেওঁ। (তৎপুৰুষ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

 

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

  1. H.S.L.C.-2011

দোমাহী – দুই মাহৰ মাজৰ দিন। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

পীতাম্বৰ – পীত অম্বৰ পৰিধান কৰে যি। (কৰ্মধাৰয় বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

মাতৃভক্তি – মাতৃক ভক্তি। (দ্বিতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ সমাস)

আমৰণ – মৰণ পৰ্যন্ত (অব্যয়ভাৱী সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2013

ৰামৰাৱণ – ৰাম আৰু ৰাৱণ। (ইতৰেতৰ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস)

পীতাম্বৰ – পীত অম্বৰ পৰিধান কৰে যি। (কৰ্মধাৰয় বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

হাতদীঘল – দীঘল হাত যাৰ সি। (কৰ্মধাৰয় বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

জলচৰ – জলত চৰে যি।(বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2014

নৱৰত্ন – ন ৰত্নৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

শূৰ্পণখা – শূৰ্পৰ নিচিনা নখ যাৰ। (কৰ্মধাৰয় বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

চন্দ্ৰমুখ – চন্দ্ৰৰ তুল্য মুখ। (কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস)

গৃহস্থ – গৃহত থাকে যি (সপ্তমী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2015

ৰাধাকৃষ্ণ – ৰাধা আৰু কৃষ্ণ। (ইতৰেতৰ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস)

দোমাহী – দুই মাহৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

চক্ৰপাণি – চক্ৰ আছে পাণিত যাৰ তেওঁ।(তৎপুৰুষ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

শুক্লপক্ষ – শুক্ল যি পক্ষ সি। (কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2016

ত্ৰিফলা – ত্ৰি বা তিনি ফলৰসমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

শূলপাণি – শূল আছে পাণিত যাৰ। (তৎপুৰুষ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

মহাপুৰুষ – মহান বা মহৎ পুৰুষ যি। (ব্যতিহাৰ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

সত্যাগ্ৰহ – সত্যত আগ্ৰহ। (সপ্তমী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস)

 

  1. 8.S.L.C.-2017

দোমাহী – দুই মাহৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

দেশান্তৰ – অন্য দেশ। (নিত্য সমাস)

মহাপুৰুষ – মহান বা মহৎ পুৰুষ যি। (ব্যতিহাৰ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

উপবন – বনৰ সমীপ (অব্যয়ীভাৱ সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2018

ত্ৰিফলা – তিনি ফলৰ সমাহাৰ। (দ্বিগু সমাস)

উৰাজাহাজ – উৰা যি জাহাজ । (কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস)

মাটীকঁঠাল – মাটিত হোৱা কঁঠাল যি। (তৎপুৰুষ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস)

মৌচাক – মৌৰ চাক।(ষষ্ঠী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস)

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2019

পঞ্চাঙ্গুল- পাঁচটা আঙুলিৰ সমাহাৰ।(দ্বিগু সমাস)

যোগভ্ৰষ্ট- যোগৰ পৰা ভ্ৰষ্ট।(পঞ্চমী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস)

শতাব্দী- শত অব্দৰ সমাহাৰ।(দ্বিগু সমাস)

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION
CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

 

  1. H.S.L.C.-2020

পঞ্চাঙ্গুল- পাঁচটা আঙুলিৰ সমাহাৰ।(দ্বিগু সমাস)

স্বায়ত্বশাষণ- স্বায়ত্ব যি শাষণ।(কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস)

 

12. H.S.L.C – 2022

গুৰুশিষ্য – গুৰু আৰু শিষ্য। (দ্বন্দ সমাস)

পঞ্চনদ – পঞ্চ বা পাঁচ নদৰ সমাহাৰ । (দ্বিগু সমাস)

খেতি পথাৰ –

 

13. H.S.L.C -2023

কুলাকনীয়া –

ত্ৰিজগত – তিনি জগতৰ সমাহাৰ ।(দ্বিগু সমাস)

দম্পতি – জায়া আৰু পতি ( দ্বন্দ সমাস)

 

14. H.S.L.C -2024

পঞ্চনদ – পঞ্চ বা পাঁচ নদৰ সমাহাৰ।(দ্বিগু সমাস)

কীট পতংগ – কীট আৰু পতংগ (দ্বন্দ সমাস)

বনভোজ – বনত ভোজ (সপ্তমী তৎপুৰষ সমাস

 

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION
CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

 

Vocabulary fill-in-the-blanks of HSLC Exam Questions from 1998-2025 – click here

 

প্ৰত্যয় কাক বোলে || প্ৰত্যয় HSLC Previous Year Solved Assamese Grammar – click here

 

HSLC Previous Year’s Question in PDF – click here

 

SEBA Class – 10 All Solutions – click here

 

আবেদন || শিক্ষান্ত পৰীক্ষাৰ আগত তুমি বাস কৰা এলেকাত সঘনাই বিদ্যুত কটনৰ বাবে হোৱা অসুবিধাৰ কথা জনাই বিভাগীয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষলৈ এখন আবেদন পত্র লিখা। (আবেদন / প্ৰতিবেদনত নাম-ঠিকনা নিলিখিবা) [HSLC ’12, ’14 ] – click here

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CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : বিপৰীতাৰ্থক শব্দ : SEBA : H.S.L.C. Previous Year’s EXAM QUESTIONS Answers Solution – click here

প্ৰতিবেদন || তোমাৰ অঞ্চলৰ বাট-পথ দলং আদি নষ্ট হোৱাৰ সৈতেৰে মেম্বাৰৰ কাৰণে চৰকাৰৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিব খুজি এখন প্ৰতিবেদন লিখা। [HSLC ’17] – click here

CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

সমাস | Assamese Grammar HSLC/HS Exam

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CLASS 10 : ASSAMESE GRAMMAR : সমাস : SEBA : H.S.L.C. EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERS SOLUTION

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

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INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS of NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

 

PAGE – 119

 

  1. What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?

Ans : Reflex action is a spontaneous involuntary or automatic nerve mediated response to a stimulus produced at the unconscious level. But walking is a voluntary action , which requires our thinking and is within our control .

 

2. What happens at the synapse between two neurons ?

Ans : A synapse is a gap between the two neurons . At the synapse , the electrical signals are converted into chemicals that can easily cross over the gap and pass on to the next neurons where it is again converted into an electrical signal.

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

3. Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of body ?

Ans : Cerebellum .

This is the back of the brain . It co ordinates voluntary muscle movements and helps to maintain posture , balance and equilibrium .

 

4. How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti ( incense sticks ) ?

Ans : Smell of an incense stick is detected by the olfactory receptors present in the nose . The information is transmitted to olfactory lobe located in the fore brain which interprets the information .

 

5. What is the role of brain in reflex action ?

Ans : in a reflex action , the brain plays no part . The spinal cord , which reacts without thinking about how to respond to stimuli , is in charge of these automatic actions . They receive information from all parts of the body and integrate it.

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

 

PAGE – 122

 

  1. What are plant hormones ?

Ans : Plant hormones are chemical compounds present in very low concentration in plants . Plant hormones help to co – ordinate growth , development and responses to the environment .

 

2. How is the movement of leaves of sensitive plant is different from movement of a short towards light ?

Ans: The type of movement of leaves of the sensitive plant is known as a nastic movement . But the movement of shoot is diectional towards light.

This type of movement does not depend on the direction of stimuli. The movement of the shoot towards light is due to growth controlled by growth hormone .

 

3. Give an example of plant hormone that promotes growth .

Ans : Auxin.

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth .

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

4. How do auxin promote growth of a tendril around a support ?

Ans : Some plants like the pea plant climb up other plants or support by means of tendrils. These tendrils are sensitive to touch . When a tendril comes in contact with a support, auxin stimulates faster growth of the cells on the opposite side that’s why the tendril forms a coil around the support . This causes the tendril to circle around the object and thus cling to it . It is due to accumulation of auxin .

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

5. Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism .

Ans : Growth movements in response to the stimulus of moisture are termed as hydrotropic movements.

place some ready to germinate seeds of pea in moist sawdust in a shallow box whose bottom has been replace by a wire gauze .

Keep the apparatus undisturbed for 2-3 days. Keep the sawdust moist. After some time radicles will pass through the sieves . Then the  radicles curve upwards again to enter into the moist sawdust ,the roots are positively hydrotropic and the curvature is more than that due to entropic effect .

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

PAGE – 125

 

1. How does chemical co ordination take place in animals ?

Ans : Chemical co ordination takes place in animals with the help of chemical messengers called as hormones . They are secreted by endocrine glands. The hormones are carried by the blood to the site of action . The hormones are consumed during their action . Hormones regulate the growth , development and homeostasis of the animals .

 

2. Why is the use of iodized salt advisable ?

Ans : Iodine is essential for the thyroid  gland to produce thyroxin hormone. Thyroxin regulates carbohydrate , protein and fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for growth . Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroxin . In case iodine is deficient in our diet,there is a possibility that we might suffer from goitre. This deficiency disease is known as goitre . Therefore iodized salt is advised.

 

3. How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood ?

Ans : When secreted in large amounts it speeds up the heartbeat and hence supplies more oxygen to the muscles. The breathing rate also increases due to contractions of diaphragm and rib muscles . It also increases the blood pressure. All these responses enable the body to deal with any stress or emergency .

 

4. What are some patient of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin ?

Ans : Insulin is a hormone which is produced by the pancreas and helps in regulating blood sugar levels . If  it is not secreted in proper amounts the sugar level in the blood rises causing many harmful effects .

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

 

EXERCISES

 

  1. Which of the following is a plant hormone ?
  1. Insulin
  2. Thyroxin
  3. Oestrogen
  4. Cytokinin

 

Ans : d. Cytokinin

 

2. The gap between two neurons is called a 

  1. Dendrite
  2. Synapse
  3. Axon
  4. Impuls

Ans : b. Synapse

 

3. The brain is responsible for

  1. Thinking
  2. Regulating the heart beat
  3. balancing the body
  4. All of the above

Ans: d. All of the above

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

4.What is the function of receptors in our body ? Think of a situation where receptors do not work properly . What problems are likely to arise ?

Ans: Receptors are present in all parts of the body for example in the ski , eyes , nose, tongue, etc.

The function of receptors is to detect information from the environment.

If receptors do not detect the information there will not be any co – ordination. It may lead to accidents. Body response will not be there .

 

5. Draw a structure of a neuron and explain its function .

Ans : Structure of neuron :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

 

Function : 

  1. Dendrites of a neuron collect information from the receptor.
  2. Axon conducts information as electrical impulse.
  3. Terminal arborization pass the information as chemical stimulus at synapse for onward transmission.

 

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

6. How does phototropism occur in plants ?

Ans : Phototropism is the directional response of a plant that allows the plant to grow towards or some cases away from the light. These directional or tropic movements can be either towards the stimulus or away from it , so, in two different kind of phototropic movement, shoots respond by bending towards light while roots respond by bending away from it.

 

7. Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury ?

Ans: Reflex action will be disturbed because reflex arcs are located in the spinal cord . so, the quick responses needed to safe guard the body will not take place . The delayed responses may cause harm to the body.

As both of these signals meet in a bundle in the spinal cord , so, if there is any spinal cord injury then botyh of these signals will  be disrupted.

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

8. How does chemical co ordination occur in plants ?

Ans : Chemical co ordination occurs in plants with the help of phytohormones or plant hormones secreted by plants. Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin , abscisic acid are plant hormones. These hormones regulate the growth and development of the plants. They also regulates various metabolic activities in the plants. All growth processes are regulated by one or more phytohormones acting synergistically or antagonistically.

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

9. What is the need for a system of control and co ordination in an organism ?

Ans : An organism needs control and co ordination system for the following functions :

  1. To save the body of the organisms from the harmful changes in the environment.
  2. To control the speed of voluntary and involuntary actions .
  3. To have the capability to think and learn for responding to any stimuli.

 

10. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other ?

Ans : Reflex actions are the spontaneous responses by voluntary organs but involuntary actions are by the involuntary organs.

The difference between involuntary actions and reflex actions are :

Involuntary actions Reflex actions
i. Involuntary actions are the actions which are not controlled by our will. i. Reflex actions are the sudden action in response to something.
ii. They do not need any kind of stimulus to work. ii. They required stimulus for its action
iii. These actions are regulated by the brain.  iii. These actions are regulated by the spinal cord.
iv. They do not involve skeletal muscle. iv. They do involve skeletal muscle.
v. these actions are performed throughout one’s life. v. These actions are produced in response to an event of an emergency.
vi. This action may be quick or slow. vi. Reflex actions are always quick.
vii. For example : The beating of the heart is an involuntary action . salivating when food is put in the mouth.  vii. For example : Immediate withdrawl of hands upon touching a hot cup of tea. closing the eyes , when bright light is focused.

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

11. Compare and contrast the nervous and hormonal mechanism for control and co ordination in animals .

Ans: 

 

Nervous System Hormonal System
i. It consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system(PNS) i. It consists of endocrine glands.
ii. Nervous system has a network of nerves spread through out the body. ii. Hormonal system does not has such a network.
iii. Neural responses are quick and short lived.  iii. Hormonal effects are slow but are long term.

 

 

12. What is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive plant and the first movement in our legs ?

Ans : The movement in the sensitive plant is involuntary action , but the change in our legs is a voluntary action. 

Plants have some specialized protein for the movement in sensitive plants. But animals have some concentrated protein . This protein helps the muscles to move.

There are two types of tissues helps to transfer the information in the animal cell, but there is no cell is available in a plant cell.

Our legs are provided with nerves which have connection with muscles. To lift the leg, the brain passes information to nerves.

 

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

  NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

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NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

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ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

ভাব বিষয়ক:


১। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰাণ কি ?
উত্তৰ : ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান শক্তিয়েই হৈছে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰাণ।

 


২। ” ফ্ৰম ভল্গা টু গংগা ” কাৰ ৰচনা ?
উত্তৰ : পণ্ডিত ৰাহুল সংস্কৃতায়ন।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers


৩। সৰ্বপল্লী ৰাধাকৃষ্ণনে ‘ কালিয়দমন ‘ ৰ কি বাখ্যা দিছে ?
উত্তৰ : সৰ্বপল্লী ৰাধাকৃষ্ণনে ‘ কালিয়দমন ‘ ৰ দিয়া বাখ্যা হৈছে  আৰ্য্ই অনাৰ্য্যক সংস্কৃত কৰাৰ প্ৰতীক ধৰ্মী নৃত্য।

 


৪। কোনটো যুগত ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ বিস্তাৰ যুগ বুলিব পাৰি ?
উত্তৰ : বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম প্ৰচাৰৰ যুগক ।

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers
৫। শিৱ আৰু শক্তি পূজাৰ মূল ক’ত আৱিষ্কাৰ হৈছিল ?
উত্তৰ : আৰ্য বেদত ।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


৬। ইছলাম ধৰ্মীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ মূল সম্পদ কি?
উত্তৰ : গঠনৰ সৰলতা আৰু সূক্ষ্মতা হৈছে ইছলাম ধৰ্মীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ মূল সম্পদ।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers


৭। অজন্তা ছবিবোৰত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা ভাৱবস্তু দুটা কি কি?
উত্তৰ : সন্ন্যাস জীৱন আৰু সমূহীয়া জীবন।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers


৮। গান্ধীজীয়ে নতুন যুগৰ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি হব লাগে বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল?
উত্তৰ : নতুন যুগৰ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি সমন্বয়ৰ বস্তু হব লাগে বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


৯। সুকুমাৰ কলাৰ ভিতৰত কোনটো শিল্পক বেছি স্থায়ী বোলা হৈছে?
উত্তৰ : চিত্ৰকলাক।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers


১০। হেম বৰুৱাৰ সাহিত্য চৰ্চা সম্পৰ্কে পঁচিছটা মান শব্দৰ ভিতৰত এটি পৰিচয় দিয়া।

উত্তৰ : সাম্প্ৰতিক স্তৰৰ লেখক সকলৰ ভিতৰত হেম বৰুৱা অন্যতম। কবিতা আৰু গদ্য ৰচনা উভয় দিশতে তেওঁ বৰঙণি আগবঢ়াইছে। তেওঁৰ ‘বালিচন্দা ‘ আৰু ‘মন ময়ুৰী ‘ প্ৰখ্যাত কবিতা সংকলন। তেওঁৰ গদ্য সাহিত্য সমুহ হ ‘ ল – ‘আধুনিক সাহিত্য ‘ , ‘সাগৰ দেখিছা ‘ , সানমিহলি, ‘ৰঙা কৰবীৰ ফুল ‘ , ‘ কিউপিড আৰু চাইকি ‘ , ‘কন্নকী ‘ , ‘ এই গাঁও এই গীত ‘ , ‘ মেকং নৈ দেখিলোঁ ‘ , ‘ ইজৰাইল ‘ , স্মৃতিৰ পাপৰি ‘ । তেওঁৰ ‘ সাগৰ দেখিছা ‘ আৰু ‘ ৰঙা কৰবীৰ ফুল ‘ – ভ্ৰমণ বৃত্তান্ত মূলক গ্ৰন্থ । আধুনিক সাহিত্য আৰু সানমিহলি জটিল বিষয়ৰ আলোচনা বিষয়ক পুথি । জনতা আৰু পছোৱা কাকত সম্পাদন কৰি তেওঁ সাংবাদিকৰ ক্ষেত্ৰখনতো ভৰি দিয়ে ।

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

১১।  ‘ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি ‘ পাঠটোৰ সাৰাংশ লিখা ।

উত্তৰ : হেম বৰুৱাই ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি যে মিলনৰ সংস্কৃতি তাকে কব বিচাৰিছে। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি গঢ় লৈ উঠিছে আৰ্য , অনাৰ্য, মংগোলীয় , দ্ৰাবিড় আদি জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লগতে অতীজত ভাৰতলৈ আহি বসবাস কৰিবলৈ লোৱা গ্ৰীক , শক , হুন আদি বিভিন্ন জাতিৰ সমন্বয়ৰ মাজেৰে । আদিৰে পৰা মোগল , ৰাজপুত আদি বংশৰ শাসন কালত ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ ভালেমান নতুন নতুন দিশৰ আগমন ঘটে। আৰ্য – অনাৰ্য দেৱ দেৱীৰ কথা কোৱাৰ লগতে , উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় আৰু দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ আভাসো ইয়াত প্ৰকাশ ঘটিছে । ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত বিশেষকৈ ভাস্কৰ্য, চিত্ৰ আদিত ইছলামীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিছে , এই কথাই সংস্কৃতিৰ মিলনকে বুজায়। আধ্যাত্মিকতাবাদৰ , সাহিত্য , চিত্ৰ – শিল্প , সংগীত , ভাস্কৰ্য আদি প্ৰতিটো দিশতেই এটা জাতিৰ প্ৰভাৱ আনটো জাতিৰ ওপৰত পৰিছে।
মুঠতে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি পাঠ টোৰ সাৰাংশ হ ‘ ল এয়ে যে সংস্কৃতি এদিনতে গঢ়ি উঠা এটা বস্তু নহয়। যুগ যুগ ধৰি বিভিন্ন জাতি – জনজাতিৰ মিলনৰ ফলতে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ সৃষ্টি।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


১২। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি এক বিৰাট সমন্বয়ৰ বস্তু ।
— এই কথাষাৰ কিমান দূৰ যুক্তিপূৰ্ণ ‘ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি ‘ পাঠ টোৰ আধাৰত বিচাৰ কৰা।
উত্তৰ : প্ৰাক ঐতিহাসিক কালৰে পৰা ভাৰতত যি সকল লোকে বাস কৰি আছিল তেওঁলোক অনাৰ্য জাতিৰ লোক । বিদেশৰ পৰা ভাৰতলৈ পোন প্ৰথমে দ্ৰাবিড় সকলে আহিছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকে পঞ্জাৱ অঞ্চলত থাকিবলৈ লয়। ড্ৰাবিড় সকল অহাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মংগোলীয় , গ্ৰীক , শক ,হুন আদি নানা জাতি উপজাতিৰ লোক ভাৰতলৈ আহি স্থায়ী ভাবে বসবাস কৰিবলৈ লৈছে। এই বিভিন্ন জাতি উপজাতিৰ লোক ইয়াত থিতাপি লোৱাৰ পাছত এই দেশৰ সংস্কৃতি গ্ৰহণ কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে ।

অতীতৰ ভাৰত বুৰঞ্জী উত্থান পতনৰ বুৰঞ্জী সেইদৰে সমন্বয় ৰো বুৰঞ্জী । বিভিন্ন সময়ত অহা বহিৰাগত লোক সকলে ইয়াত বসবাস কৰিবলৈ লোৱা ফলত তেওঁলোকৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল । ফলত সাহিত্য, শিল্প ভাষা তত্ত্ব , সামাজিক , ৰাজনৈতিক আদৰ্শ , কলা , দৰ্শন আদিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এক বিৰাট সমন্বয়ৰ সৃষ্টি হ ‘ ল।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ মূল সু সংগঠিত আৰু মজবুত তথাপিও ই অন্য সংস্কৃতিৰ ধাৰকো গ্ৰহণ নকৰাকৈ থকা নাই উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে ৰাজপুত চিত্ৰকলাই ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত এক বিশেষ স্থান দখল কৰিছে। তেনেদৰে দ্ৰাবিড় সমাজত প্ৰচলিত কিছু দেৱ দেৱীক ধৰি আৰম্ভ কৰি ধৰ্ম পদ্ধতি কিছুমান আৰ্য সমাজ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল । আনটো দেৱতা শিৱই আৰ্য ৰ বেদীত স্থান পাইছিল ।

ইছলাম সকল ভাৰতলৈ অহাৰ পিছত উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় মঠ মন্দিৰৰ ভাস্কৰ্যত ইছলাম ধৰ্মীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিছিল ।বাবৰৰ দিশত ভাৰতীয় চিত্ৰকলাত নতুন ধাৰাৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তন হয়। ধৰ্মৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো একে কথা। হিন্দু ধৰ্ম অতিন্দ্ৰীয় বাদ আৰু আধ্যাত্মিকতা বাদৰ ওপৰত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত আছিল । কিন্তু ইছলামৰ প্ৰভাৱ আধ্যাত্মিক তাৰ ধমনি কঁপাই তুলিছিল ।

ব্ৰিটিছ সকল অহাৰ পিছত ভাৰতীয় সকল সাহিত্যত পাশ্চাত্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল।

গতিকে দেখা যায় যে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি এক বিৰাট সমন্বয়ৰ সংস্কৃতি।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers
ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


১৩। সভ্যতা আৰু সংস্কৃতি শব্দ দুটাৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য বিচাৰ কৰা।

উত্তৰ:  সভ্যতা আৰু সংস্কৃতিৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য আছে। এটাৰ সলনি আনটো ব্যবহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰি । সভ্যতাই বিশেষ এটা সামাজিক বা ৰাজনৈতিক অৱস্থা বুজায়। সভ্যতা হৈছে এটা সমাজ পদ্ধতি । সমাজ সভ্য নহলে কোনো ব্যক্তি বা অনুষ্ঠানৰ পক্ষে সৃষ্টি মূলক কাম হাতত লোৱা সম্ভৱ নহয়। আনহাতে , সংস্কৃতি হৈছে কোনো এটা জাতি বা সমাজৰ জীৱন প্ৰতিভা । এটা জাতি সুসভ্য হব পাৰে কিন্তু কোনো লেখত লবলগীয়া সাংস্কৃতিৰ স্তম্ভ নাথাকিবও পাৰে । সভ্যতাই সমাজ সু শৃংখল কৰি সংস্কৃতি সৃষ্টিত সহায় কৰে।

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

১৪ । উত্তৰ  ভাৰতীয় , দাক্ষিণাত্য আৰু ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ বিষয়ে তোমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ সহায়ত লিখা ।

উত্তৰ : ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ বিস্তাৰ যুগ বুলি কলে বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰচাৰ যুগক বুজায় । কোনো কোনো পণ্ডিতৰ মতে আনকি খ্ৰীষ্টিয় ছাৰমান আন ডি মাইণ্টৰ গুৰি তো বৌদ্ধ সাহিত্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ বিয়পি আছে। চুফীবাদ ৰ মূল কোৰাণ শাস্ত্ৰ বুলি ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। যদিও চুফীবাদ আৰু উপনিষদ দৰ্শনৰ মাজত এক অভূতপূৰ্ব মিল থকা দেখা যায়। এনেবোৰ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি যে প্ৰভাৱশালী সম্পদ তাৰ উমান পোৱা যায়। উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ দৰে দাক্ষিণাত্যৰ ভাস্কৰ্যৰ ওপৰত বহিৰাগত প্ৰভাৱ পোনপটীয়াকৈ পৰা নাছিল । গতিকে ইয়াৰ এটা নিজৰ বিচৰা পদ্ধতি দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ই ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ বৈচিত্ৰ ক ৰঙীন কৰি তুলিছে। দাক্ষিণাত্য ভাস্কৰ্য ক কোণ আৰু সৰলৰেখাৰ প্ৰয়োগ সৰহ। প্ৰত্যেকটো ভংগিমাই সুকীয়া। ইয়াৰ আৰ্হিৰ পুনৰাবৃত্তিৰ ঠাই নাই । উদাহৰণ স্বৰুপে কাঞ্জিভৰামৰ মন্দিৰলৈ আঙুলিয়াব পাৰি। এই মন্দিৰটোত অন্তত এহাজাৰটা স্তম্ভ আছে। ইয়াৰ এটা স্তম্ভৰ আৰ্হি আনটোৰ লগত নিমিলে । উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় ভাস্কৰ্যত বৃত্ত আৰু বক্ৰৰেখাৰ প্ৰয়োগ বেছি ।


ইছলাম সকল ভাৰতত অহাৰ পিছত ইছলামীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত পৰিল। ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ মন্দিৰ বোৰত ভালেখিনি পৰিল।  উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ ভাস্কৰ্যত প্ৰচলিত হিন্দু আৰু বাহিৰৰ ইছলামীয় আদৰ্শৰ সমন্বয় ঘটি এক নতুন ভাৰতীয় পদ্ধতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। বাবৰৰ আমোলত বাহিৰৰ ব্যক্তিবাদী চিত্ৰকলাৰ লগত প্ৰচলিত ধৰ্মীয় চিন্তাধাৰাৰ মিলন ঘটিছিল। ফলত এটা নতুন চিত্ৰাংকন পদ্ধতিৰ উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল । ভাৰতীয় প্ৰচলিত ধৰ্মীয় ভাৱধাৰাৰ ওপৰতো বহিৰাগত ইছলাম ধৰ্মই প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছিল ।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers



১৫। অজন্তাৰ গুহাৰ শিল্প কলাৰ এটি বিবৰণ দিয়া।

উত্তৰ : চিত্ৰকলা যদিও বিশ্বজনীন তথাপিও ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে জাতি বিশেষৰ পৰিচয় পোৱা যায় । অজন্তাৰ গুহাৰ চিত্ৰবোৰ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ বৌদ্ধ যুগৰ কথা সোঁৱৰাই দিয়ে। অজন্তাৰ চিত্ৰবোৰৰ দুটা ভাৱ প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। দুয়োবিধ হৈছে এটা সন্ন্যাস জীৱন আৰু আনটো সমূহীয়া জীৱন। দুয়োবিধ একেলগে অঁকা হৈছে। দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ ছবিবোৰ হৈছে জীৱন আনন্দৰ সময় চিত্ৰ । এইবোৰত ফুটি উঠিছে। শক্তি , খ্যাতি , প্ৰেম আৰু যৌৱন । প্ৰথম শাৰীত আছে দয়া, ধ্যান আৰু মৌনতা। ভাৱ বস্তুৰ ফালৰ পৰা দুয়োবিধ শাৰীত বৈসাদৃশ্য আছে। দুয়োবিধতে দুখন সুকীয়া জগত প্ৰতিফলিত হৈছে। জীৱনৰ অসামজ্যক একেলগে গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পৰা শক্তিৰ সম্ভেদ এই ছবিবোৰত আছে । ইয়াৰোপৰি প্ৰাক মুছলিম যুগৰ জীৱন প্ৰাচুৰ্যৰ কথাও অজন্তাৰ গুহাত চিত্ৰবোৰত আছে। পুৰুষ মহিলা, শিশু , বিভিন্ন ভংগিমাত সকলোবোৰ একে ঠাইতে অংকিত হৈছে। জীৱন প্ৰাচুৰ্যই যেন শিল্পীক মতলীয়া কৰিছে। এই জীৱন প্ৰচুৰ্য্যক যেন এঠাইত ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ বিচাৰিছে। ছবিবোৰত ভাৱ বস্তুৰ অসামঞ্জস্যৰ মাজতো বাস্তৱৰ অখণ্ডতাৰ কথা বিস্মিত হোৱা নাই । শিল্পীত মননশীল শিল্পজাত আৰু জীৱনৰ মাজত সুন্দৰ সময়ত সংযোগ ঘটিছে । ইয়েই অজন্তাৰ চিত্ৰ শিল্পীৰ গৌৰৱ । অজন্তাৰ গুহাত অনন্ত কালৰ বাবেই শিল্পকলা সজ্জিবীত হৈ আছে।

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers
১৬। মোগল সম্ৰাট বাবৰৰ আমোলত ভাৰতত প্ৰৱেশ কৰা চিত্ৰকলাৰ নতুন বিৰাট ধাৰাটি আছিল লিখা ।

উত্তৰ : মোগল সম্ৰাট বাবৰৰ আমোলত চিত্ৰশিল্পৰ নতুন নতুন ধাৰা পোন প্ৰথমে ভাৰতত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে। এই চিত্ৰশিল্প মূলতে প্ৰচুৰ ব্যক্তিবোধ, ব্যক্তি বাদী আৰ্টত , জন জীৱনত বা সমষ্টি জীৱনত কোনো সংবাদ নাছিল ইয়াৰ লক্ষ্য আছিল ব্যাক্তিৰ জীৱন প্ৰকাশ । ইয়াৰ জন্ম হৈছিল টাইমূৰ খাঁ আৰু ছেঙ্গিজ খাঁৰ ৰাজ দৰবাৰৰ যুগত প্ৰকৃতি এই আৰ্টত ব্যক্তিবাদী আৰু কঠোৰ হবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভাৱ প্ৰবণতা নাই , আছে বিপুল উৎসাহ উদ্দীপনা আৰু প্ৰেৰণা । এইখিনিতে উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে আমি উৰ্দু ৰোমান্টিক কাব্য সাহিত্যত কথা উলিয়াব পাৰোঁ । বাবৰৰ আমোলত বাহিৰৰ সুস্থ ব্যক্তি শালী চিত্ৰকলাৰ লগত প্ৰচলিত চিত্ৰ ধাৰাৰ মিলন ঘটিছিল।এই দুয়োটাৰ সংমিশ্ৰণত এটা নতুন পদ্ধতিৰ উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল।

 

 


১৭। উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ সংগীতে কি নতুন বস্তু আমাৰ চকুত পেলায় বুলিছে ?

উত্তৰ : উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ সংগীত হৈছে ভাৰতীয় উচ্চাঙ্গ সঙ্গীত । ই দাক্ষিণাত্যৰ ভাস্কৰ্য কলাৰ দৰে গাম্ভীৰ্যপূৰ্ণ আৰু বিচিত্ৰ । উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় সঙ্গীতৰ এটা নতুন বস্তু আমাৰ চকুত পেলায় গাম্ভীৰ্যৰ লগত ঠায়ে ঠায়ে এই সঙ্গীতত আমি এক উৰণীয়া ভাৱৰ সংযোগ দেখিবলৈ পাও।  ইয়াকে সুৰ বস্তুৰ ওপৰত লোক সংগীতৰ প্ৰভাৱ বুলিব পাৰি।

 



১৮। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত ইছলামৰ অৰিহণা এটি টোকা যুগুত কৰা।

উত্তৰ : ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত ইছলামৰ প্ৰভাৱ মন কৰিবলগীয়া । মধ্য এছিয়া বা পশ্চিম এছিয়াৰ পৰা চামে চামে অভিযানকাৰীয়ে ভাৰত অভিযান কৰিবলৈ আহি ভাৰতত খোপনি পুতি ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰাৰ লগে লগে তেওঁলোকৰ নিজস্ব সংস্কৃতি বিকশিত হ ‘ল আৰু সেই সংস্কৃতিৰ কিছু কিছু প্ৰভাৱ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত পৰিল। ভাষা – সাহিত্য , ধৰ্ম , চিত্ৰ, ভাস্কৰ্য আদি সকলো ক্ষেত্ৰতে ইছলামৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল।


উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ মন্দিৰ বোৰত ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল। উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ ভাস্কৰ্যত প্ৰচলিত হিন্দু আৰু বাহিৰৰ ইছলামীয় আদৰ্শ সন্নিবিষ্ট হৈ এক নতুন ভাৰতীয় পদ্ধতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে । ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্য হিন্দু ভাস্কৰ্যক কাৰুকাৰ্য প্ৰদান কৰিছে ।


ভাৰতীয় চিত্ৰশিল্পৰ ওপৰতো ইছলামীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল। অজন্তাৰ গুহাৰ চিত্ৰবোৰে প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতীয় চিত্ৰকলাৰ নিজ স্বৰূপ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। কিন্তু বাবৰৰ আমোলত চিত্ৰ শিল্পৰ এটি নতুন ধাৰা প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, বাবৰৰ আমোলত সুস্থ ব্যক্তিবাদী চিত্ৰ কলাৰ লগত প্ৰচলিত চিত্ৰবোৰৰ মিলন ঘটিছিল। ফলত দুয়োৰে সংমিশ্ৰণত এটি নতুন পদ্ধতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল । ইছলাম সকল অহাৰ পিছত ভাৰতৰ  আধ্যাত্মিকতাবাদৰ ওপৰত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত আছিল। কিন্তু ইছলামৰ প্ৰভাৱ আধ্যাত্মিকতাৰ ধমনী কঁপাই তুলিছিল।

ইছলামসকল অহাৰ পিছত ভাৰতীয় ভাষা সাহিত্যৰ ওপৰতো ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিল ।মোগল সম্ৰাটসকলৰ দৰবাৰত যি সাহিত্য সৃষ্টি হৈছিল আৰু প্ৰভাৱ ভাৰতীয় সাহিত্যত পৰিলক্ষিত হোৱা দেখা যায়। ইছলাম সকলৰ বহুতো শব্দ ভাৰতীয় ভাষা সমূহত সোমাই পৰিছে।গতিকে দেখা যায় যে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত ইছলামৰ অৰিহণা যথেষ্ট গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

১৯। প্ৰাক মুছলিম যুগ আৰু মুছলিম যুগৰ ভাৰতীয় ভাস্কৰ্য আৰু শিল্প কলাৰ বিষয়ে এটি টোকা যুগুত কৰা।

উত্তৰ : প্ৰাক মুছলিম যুগত ভাৰতীয় ভাস্কৰ্য আৰু শিল্পকলাই অনাৰ্য আৰু আৰ্য ৰীতিকে বহন কৰি আহিছিল। ইছলামৰ পৰা আঁতৰত থকা বাবে দাক্ষিণাত্যৰ ভাস্কৰ্যত কোণ আৰু সৰলৰেখাৰ পাদুৰ্ভাব সৰল গঠনৰ বিশালতা ইয়াৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান বৈশিষ্ট্য। প্ৰত্যেকটো ভংগিমাই সুকীয়া । উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে কাঞ্জিভিৰাম মন্দিৰৰ কথা কব পাৰি। এই মন্দিৰটোত অন্তত এহেজাৰটা স্তম্ভ আছে। ইয়াৰ এটা স্তম্ভৰ আৰ্হি আনটোৰ লগত নিমিলে। উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ ভাস্কৰ্যত বৃত্ত আৰু বক্ৰৰেখাৰ পাদুৰ্ভাব সৰহ । এই অঞ্চলৰ মন্দিৰ বোৰত ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ ভালেখিনি প্ৰভাৱ পৰা দেখা যায়।

গঠনৰ সফলতা আৰু সুক্ষমতা হৈছে ইছলামীয় ভাস্কৰ্যৰ মূল সম্পদ। উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় ভাস্কৰ্য সমন্বয়ৰ বস্তু । ইয়াক কোনো প্রকাৰেই ইছলামীয় বুলিব পাৰি। এইবোৰৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰচলিত হিন্দু আৰু বাহিৰৰ ইছলামীয় আদৰ্শ সন্নিবিষ্ট হৈ এক ভাৰতীয় পদ্ধতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে।

প্ৰাক মুছলিম যুগত ভাৰতীয় চিত্ৰ কলাৰ নিদৰ্শন পোৱা যায়। অজন্তাৰ গুহাবোৰত জীৱনৰ অসামঞ্জস্যক একেলগে গ্ৰহণ কৰি জীৱন প্ৰচুৰ্যৰ কথাও অজন্তাৰ চিত্ৰ সমূহত আছে ।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers


২০। বাখ্যা কৰা ।

(ক) সংস্কৃতিৰ অবিছিন্ন ধাৰাই হৈছে ভাৰতীয় জীৱনৰ মূল সম্পদ ?

উত্তৰ :

উদ্ধৃত কথাফাঁকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথি থকা হেম বৰুৱাৰ ৰচিত ‘ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি ‘ নামৰ পাঠটোৰ পৰা তুলি লোৱা হৈছে।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি কিদৰে গঢ় লৈ উঠিছে। তদুপৰি চিৰ প্ৰবাহমান সংস্কৃতিয়ে যেন ভাৰতীয়ৰ জীৱনৰ মূল সম্পদ উক্ত কথাষাৰৰ মাজেৰে লেখকে তাকেই বুজাবলৈ বিচাৰিছে।

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি হৈছে বাৰে বৰণীয়া ফুলেৰে গঁথা এডাল মালাৰ নিচিনা এটা জাতি সু সভ্য হলেও সেই জাতিৰ সাংস্কৃতিক স্তম্ভ ওখ নহবও পাৰে ভাষা , সাহিত্য ,সুকুমাৰ কলা ,দৰ্শন আদিৰ মাজেৰে এটা সুকীয়া সংস্কৃতি ফুটি উঠে । সভ্যতাই নবৰূপ পোৱাৰ লগে লগে সংস্কৃতিয়েও নতুনত্বৰ ফালে ধাৱমান হয় । ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ অবিচিন্ন মত উপমত লগলাগি ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ মহাসাগৰ ৰচিত হৈছে। সেইবাবে ই নিৰবিচ্ছিন্ন ভাৱ হৈ আছে। ভাৰতীয় ভৌগোলিক বিচিত্ৰতা জীৱনৰ গঢ় দিছে। অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰে পৰা ভাৰতলৈ বিভিন্ন সময়ত বিভিন্ন মানৱ গোষ্ঠী আহি ভৰতীয় সাংস্কৃতিক নিতে এই নিৰবিচ্ছিন্ন ধাৰাই ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় জীৱনৰ মূল সম্পদ হৈ পৰিছে।

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

(খ) ভাৰতীয় বুৰঞ্জী হৈছে ৰাজ্যৰ উত্থান ,পতন ,ভঙা গঢ়াৰ সবিশেষ বুৰঞ্জী ।

উত্তৰ:

উদ্ধৃত পদফাঁকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অন্তৰ্গত হেম বৰুৱাৰ দ্বাৰা ৰচিত ‘ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি ‘ নামৰ পাঠটিৰ পৰা তুলি লোৱা হৈছে।


ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ মূল সুঁতি কিদৰে ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান সোতেৰে বৈ আছে সেই কথা কবলৈ যোৱাৰ প্ৰসংগত উক্ত কথা ফাকিৰ অৱতাৰণা কৰিছে।

ভাৰতীয় বুৰঞ্জী ভৰা গঢ়াৰ বুৰঞ্জী ইটোৰ পাছত সিটো মানৱ গোষ্ঠী আক্ৰমণ বা অভিযান ইটো পৰিয়ালৰ পিছত সিটো পৰিয়ালৰ শাসন ভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ ঘটনাৰ ভাৰত বুৰঞ্জী ভাৰাক্ৰন্ত তথাপি ভাৰতীয় মূল সুঁতি ক্ৰমৰ্ধমান সোঁতেৰে বৈ যোৱা নাছিল । এটা পৰিয়ালৰ বা বংশৰ পিছত আন এটা পৰিয়ালে বা বংশই শাসন ভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ বিবৰণেৰে ভাৰত বুৰঞ্জীৰ পাত ভৰি আছে । ইমান বোৰ ৰাজনৈতিক অস্থিৰতাৰ মাজতো বহিৰাগত জাতি উপজাতিৰ পৰা সাৰ ভাগ বুটলি লৈ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ মূল ধাৰাটো ক্ৰমৰ্ধমান সোঁতেৰে বৈ আছিল।
গতিকে সম্যক দৃষ্টি ৰে চালে দেখা যায় ভাৰত বুৰঞ্জী হৈছে ৰাজ্যৰ উত্থান পতন,ভঙা গঢ়াৰ সবিশেষ বুৰঞ্জী।
ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 


(গ) সকলো আৰ্টৰ মূলতে দুটা বিপৰীত পন্থাই কাম দেখা যায়।

উত্তৰ :

উদ্ধৃত পদফাকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অন্তৰ্গত হেম বৰুৱাৰ ৰচিত ‘ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি ‘ নামৰ পাঠ টিৰ পৰা তুলি লোৱা হৈছে।

ইয়াত লেখকে ভাস্কৰ্য শিল্পই যে কেৱল সমূহীয়া সামজিক ভাৱধাৰাৰ ওপৰত বিশেষ ভাৱে নিৰ্ভৰশীল সেই প্ৰসংগত উক্ত পদ্যাংশৰ অৱতাৰণা কৰিছে।

সকলো আৰ্ট বা কলাৰ দুটা দিশ দেখা যায় । এটা দিশ হল কলাত আৰু কাৰ্য আৰু জাক জমকতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰা আৰু আনটো দিশ হল কলাত সংযম আৰু আড়ম্বৰ হীনতা প্ৰয়োগ কৰা। ইয়াৰ প্ৰথমটো পন্থাই বাহ্যিক আৰু দ্বিতীয় পন্থাটোৱে আমাৰ আত্মৰক্ষা স্পৰ্শ কৰি প্ৰতিভূত কৰে। এবিধ আনন্দপ্লুত ৰস চঞ্চল , আনটো ধীৰ,স্থিৰ মন্থৰ প্ৰাণ । এইখিনিতে আমি আনুলিয়াব পাৰোঁ । ভাৰতৰ উচ্চাঙ্গ সঙ্গীতত আমি এক উৰণীয়া ভাৱৰ সংকোচন দেখা পাও।

 

 

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

ভাষা বিষয়ক :

 

 

১। সন্ধি ভাঙা :

সংস্কৃতি , সমন্বয় , সম্বন্ধ , ভাৰক্ৰান্ত, সন্মত

সংস্কৃতি: সম্ + কৃতি

সমন্বয়: সম + অন্বয়

সম্বন্ধ : সম + বন্ধ

ভাৰাক্ৰান্ত: ভাৰ + আক্ৰান্ত

সন্মত : সম + মত

 

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

২। বিশেষ্য বা বিশেষণ লৈ নিয়া ।

বৈচিত্ৰ , ভৌগোলিক , বিস্তৃতি , নৈৰাশ্য, বিপ্লৱ

উত্তৰ :

বৈচিত্ৰ : বিচিত্ৰ

ভৌগোলিক : ভূগোল

বিস্তৃতি: বিস্তৃত

নৈৰশ্য: নিৰাশ

বিপ্লৱ: বৈপ্লবিক

ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

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ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি Assamese Class 10 Lesson 7 Questions and Answers

 

 

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWER of Page No – 190

  1. What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye ?

Ans : The  power of accommodation of the eye is the maximum variation of its power for focusing on near and far (distant) objects . For a normal eye the power of accommodation is about 4 dioptres.

2. A person with myopic eye can not see objects beyond  1.2 m distinctly . What should be the type of the corrective lens used to restore proper vision ?

Ans: A person with a myopic eye can use concave or diverging lens to restore proper vision.

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

3. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?

Ans: For a normal eye with normal vision the far point is at infinity and the near point is at 25 cm from the eye.

4. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could be the defect the child is suffering from ? How can it be corrected ?

Ans : The child is suffering from myopic . He should use concave lenses of suitable focal length.

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

 

Class - 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Class 10 Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World answer 

TEXTBOOK EXERCISE

  1. The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal length of the eye lens . This is due to
  1. Presbyopia
  2. accommodation
  3. near- sightedness
  4. far- sightedness

Ans : b. accommodation

2. The human eye forms the image of an object at its

  1. Cornea
  2. Iris
  3. Pupil
  4. Retina

Ans: d. Retina

3. The least distance of distinct vision for a young adult with normal vision is about

  1. 25 m
  2. 2.5 m
  3. 25 cm
  4. 2.5 cm

Ans : a. 25 m

4. The change in focal length of an eye lens is caused by the action of the

  1. pupil
  2. retina
  3. ciliary muscles
  4. iris

Ans : c. ciliary muscles

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

5. A person needs a lens of power – 5.5 dioptres for corecting his distant vision . For correcting his near vision he needs a lens of power + 1.5 dioptre . What is the focal length of the lens required for correcting (i) distanct vision and (ii) near vision ?

Ans : (i) Power of distant viewing part of the lens, P1 = – 5.5 D

Focal length of this part , f1 = 1 / P1

= 1/ -5.5 m

= – 18.73 cm

(ii) As power of the near vision part is measured relative to the main part of the lens of power – 5.5 D , so we use

=P1  + P2 = P

=> -5.5 + P2 = +1.5

=> P2 = + 1.5 + 5.5

=> P2 = + 6.5 D

Focal length of near vision part, f2 = 1 / P2

=1/ + 6.5  m

= + 15.4 cm

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

6. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye . What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem ?

Ans : For the myopic eye

u = – a

v = – 80 cm

f = 1

1/ v – 1/ u  = 1/f

=> (1 / – 80)   – ( 1 /  – a)   = 1 / f

=> f = – 80 cm

therefore, f = – 0. 80 m

Power of the lens is P = 1 / f

=> P = 1 / – 0.80

=> P = – 1. 25 D

A concave lens , P = – 1.25 D

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

7. Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected . The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1 m . What is the power of the lens required to correct this defect ?

Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 m.

Ans:  The object placed at 25 cm from the correcting lens must produce a virtual image at 1 m or 100 cm.

v = – 25 cm

u = – 100 cm

by lens formula ,

1 / f  =  1 / v   –   1 / u

=> 1 / f   =  1 / -100  –  1 / – 25

=> 1 / f   =  1/ – 100  + 1 / 25

=> 1 / f  =  3 / 100

=> f     =    100 / 3  cm

f  =  1  / 3  m

therefore, Power , P =  1 / f

=  1 /  (1/3)

= + 3 D

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

8. Why a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 0.5 cm ?

Ans : A normal eye is unable to clearly see the objects place closer than 25 cm because the ciliary muscles of the eye unable to contract beyond a certain limit .

If the object is placed at the distance less than 25 cm from the eye than the object appears blured and produces strain in the eyes .

9. What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye ?

Ans : The image distance remain same equal to the distance of the retina from the eye lens . They change in object distance is compensated by the change in the focal length of the eye lens due to the action of ciliary muscles so that a clear image is formed on the same retina .

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

10 . Why do stars twinkle ?

Ans : Twinkling of stars : The apparent position of star is slightly different from the actual position due to refraction of star light by the atmosphere . Further , this apparent position is not stationery but keeps on changing due to the change in atmospheric conditions like density , temperature etc. The path of the rays of light coming from the star goes on varying slightly . The amount of light entering our eyes from a particular star increases or decreases randomly with time . Sometimes , the star appears bright and other times , it appears fainter . This gives rise to the twinkling effect of the star.

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

11. Explain Why the planet do not twinkle ?

Ans: Planets do not twinkle because they appear larger in size than the stars as they are relatively closer to earth . Planets can be considered as a collection of a larger number of  point – size sources of light . The different parts of these planets produce either brighter or dimmer effect is zero . Hence , the twinkling effect of the planets are nullified and they do not twinkle .

12. Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning ?

Ans : During sunrise , the light rays coming from the sun have to travel a greater distance in the earth’s atmosphere before reaching our eyes . In this journey, the shorter wave length of lights are scattered out and only longer wave length are able to reach our eyes. Since blue colour has a shorter wave length and red colour has a longer wave length. The red colour is able to reach our eyes after the atmospheric scattering of light. Therefore , the sun appears reddish early in the morning .

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

13. Why does the sky appear dark instead of blue to an astronaut ?

Ans : The sky appears dark instead of blue to an astronaut because there is no atomsphere in the outerspace that can scatter the sunlight . As the sunlight is not scattered light reach the eyes of the astronaut and the sky appears black to them .

Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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Class – 10 HSLC HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

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Class – 10 Human Eye and Colourful World Additional Questions and Answers mcq

Class 10 Science has a fascinating syllabus that introduces new concepts of human physiology to the students. Chapter 11 of this syllabus explains the basic and advanced concepts of the human eye. It is about how the human eye performs to provide a colourful world to the beholder. To understand these concepts, study this chapter well and solve the Class 10 Human Eye MCQ framed by the experts.

HSLC SEBA Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World with Additional Question Answers

CBSE Class 10 Science MCQs Chapter 11 The Human Eye and the Colourful World help students learn important concepts efficiently. Students preparing for Class 10 Science Board exams must not forget to practise the multiple-choice questions. Here, we have provided the MCQs of Chapter 11, The Human Eye and the Colourful World, so that students can memorise the fundamental concepts with ease. The Human Eye and the Colourful World MCQs will help students to fetch marks from this chapter easily. These multiple choice questions on Human Eye and the Colourful World are based on the latest Class 10 Science Syllabus and are designed by our subject experts.

MCQ Questions on Human Eye and Colourful World PDF

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

 

  1. What is pupil ? What is the function of pupil human eye ?

Ans : Pupil is a narrow hole through which light enters in the eye and falls on eye lens.

The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye .

 

2. Name the light sensitive cell present in the retina of an eye .

Ans: Rods and cones.

 

3. What do you mean by the term accommodation ?

Ans : The power of accommodation of the eye is the maximum variation of its power for focusing on near and for objects .

 

4. What is blind spot ?

Ans : At the junction of the optic nerve and the retina there are no sensory cells. so , no vision is possible at the spot. This is called the blind spot.

 

5. What is night blindness ?

Ans: Night blindness is a disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin A when patient can not see clearly in dimlight .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

6. what is color blindness ?

Ans : If some cone cells are absent from retina the person is not able to distinguish the colour of object . It is called colour blindness.

 

7. Define the part of the eye that has real , inverted image of the object formed on it .

Ans : Retina.

 

8. What is the function of ciliary muscle ?

Ans : Ciliary muscles can increase or decrease the focal length of eye lens to focus the images at retina .

 

9. Mention the common defects of vision of the human eye .

Ans: Defects of vision : A normal eye can see objects clearly at any distance between 25 cm and infinity from the eye. Sometimes , a human eye gradually loses its power of accommodation . Then we can not see the object clearly our vision becomes defective. There are mainly four common defects of vision which can be corrected by the suitable use of eye glasses.These defects are :

 

  1. Myopia or near sightedness
  2. Hypermetropia or for sightedness
  3. Presbyopia
  4. Astigmatism .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

Human Eye and Colourful World Additional Questions and Answers mcq
Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

10. What is myopia ? Suggest how this defect can be corrected ?

Ans : Myopia is also known as near sightedness . A person with myopia can use nearby objects but can not see distant objects distinctly .

Myopia can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

11. What is hypermetropia ? Suggest how this defect can be corrected .

Ans : Hypermetropia is also known as far sightedness . A person with hypermetropia can see distant objects clearly but can not see near by objects distinctly.

Hypermetropia can be corrected by using a convex lens of suitable power.

 

12. Write two reasons of myopia .

Ans : Causes of myopia :

i. Excessive curvature of the eye lens .

ii. Elongation of the eye ball.

 

13. What are the causes of hypermetropia ?

Ans: Causes of hypermetropia :

i. The focal length of the eye lens is too long .

ii. The eye ball has become to small .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

14. What is presbyopia ? How is presbyopia rectified ?

Ans : The power of accommodation of the eye usually decreases with aging . For most of the people , the near point gradually reduces away . They find it difficult to see nearby objects comfortably and distinctly without corrective eye glasses .

The defect is presbyopia can be rectified by using bi focal lenses of suitable power .

 

15. What is astigmatism ? How it is corrected ?

Ans : Astigmatism : It is a defect of vision in which a person can not simultaneously see both the horizontal and vertical views of an object with the some clearily .

Causes of astigmatism : This defect occurs when the cornea of the eye is not perfectly spherical . This results in objects in one direction using well focused while those in perpendicular direction are not well focused .

Correction of astigmatism : Astigmatism can be corrected by using cylindrical lenses . They have different curvatures in horizontal and vertical directions and so they can be oriented suitably  to compensate for irregularities in the cornea .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

16. What is cataract ?

Ans : Due to development of membrane over the eye lens the eye become ineffective or the image becomes hazy . This problem is called cataract .

 

17. What do you mean by dispersion of light ? What is its cause ?

Ans : When a white light pass through a glass prism it splits into its seven constituent colour . This phenomenon is called dispersion of light .

Causes of dispersion of white  light  : Light rays of different colour travel  with some speed in vaccum . But in refracting medium like glass , water etc. Light or different different colours travel with different speeds . The speed of violet colour is least , while the speed of red colour is the largest in glass . As a result , the refractive index of glass is larger for violet colour and least for red colour . The violet colour is deviated most while the red colour is deviated least on passing through the prism . Other colours are deviated by immediate angles . so , different component colours of white light get dispersion on passing through a glass prism .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

18. Explain the formation of rainbow in the sky ?

Ans : A rainbow appears in the sky after as hover in the direction opposite to the sun . It is a natural spectrum of the sunlight . The water droplets in the atmosphere act as small prism . The sun light suffers a refraction and dispersion in them . They are then the internally reflected in the drop and finally refracted out . When such rays reach a observer he sees a rainbow .

 

Explain the formation of rainbow in the sky ?
Explain the formation of rainbow in the sky ?

 

 

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

19. What do you mean by atmospheric refraction ?

Ans : Light coming from the celestial objects like the sun or the stars suffer refraction in the air . This is called atmospheric refraction . Several interesting phenomenon such as the twinkling of stars and early sunrise and delayed sunsets are results of atmospheric refraction .

 

20. What is tyndall effect ?

Ans : The Earth’s atmosphere contains smoke , tiny water droplets and dust grains . It resembles a colloidal solution on which small particles remain suspended when a beam of light gets scattered from such particles. The path of the beam becomes visible . The effect is called tyndall effect . This effect is usually caused by suspended particles of relatively clag size .

We can observe the tyndall effect when light enters a dusty or smoke filled enclosure through a small hole .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

21. Why is the colour  of the clear sky blue ?

Ans : When  the sunlight passes through the atmosphere it suffers on the molecules of air and suspended fine particles . The molecules of the air such as N2 and O2    and other fine particles of the atmosphere which are smaller than the wave length of light of any colour scatter the shorter wavelength more effectively. Thus the blue colour of light is scattered the most while the red is scattered the least in the atmosphere. The blue colour of the sky is due to the scattering of sunlight by molecule of the atmosphere . When we look at the sky the scattered light enters our eyes and thus light contains blue light in a large proportion . That is why the sky appears blue .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

22. Why does sun appear reddish at sunrise and sunset ?

Ans : During the sunrise and sunset the sun remain near the horizon . The light rays have to pass through a larger thickness of the atmosphere when the sum is overhead at non consequently , the lower wavelengths in the blue region are almost completely scattered away by air molecules . The higher wavelengths of the red region are least scattered and reach our eyes. Hence the sun appears almost reddish at sunrise and sunset .

 

23. The sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise and about 2 minutes after actual sunset. Give reason . 

Ans : The sun is visible to us about 2 minutes before the actual sunrise and about 2 minutes about actual sunset because of atmospheric refraction . By actual sunrise by the sun . The time difference between the actual sunset and the appearance sunset is about 2 minutes .

 

24. Why are the traffic light signals ear danger signals of red colour ?

Ans : In the visible spectrum the colour has the largest wave length the red colour is least scattered by fog or dust particles . So, we can also observed red colour easily even in foggy and dusty condition .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

25. Which is the cause of blue colour of the ocean ?

Ans : The water molecules of the ocean scatter blue light more strong that light of other colours . So, ocean appears bluish .

Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

Human eye and Colourful World Class 10 Important Questions 
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Class – 10 HUMAN EYE AND COLOURFUL WORLD Additional Questions and Answers mcq

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

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Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources The answer to each chapter is provided in the list so that you can easily browse throughout different chapters Assam Board Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources and select needs one. SEBA Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 || Chapter 1 economic geography pdf

Economic geography: Matter and Resources

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

  1. What is Economic Geography ? What is it’s main subject matter ?Mention the important branches of Economic Geography ? 

Answer : The branch of geography in which the study of human geography in which the study of human activities associated with production distribution consumption and exchange of resources is done in spatial and temporal context is known as economic Geography. 

The main subject matter of economic geography is the study of human activities  on production , distribution and consumption . An economic activities men on nature are man made environment .

Agriculture geography , industrial geography , geography of resources, transport geography, marketing geography, geography of planning and development , geography of tourism, etc. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources 

2. Write in brief about the scope of economic geography ?

Answer : The distribution of economic activities and the factors and processes associated with it mainly studied in Economic Geography.

  1.   Where is the Economic Activities located ?
  2. What are the characteristics of Economic activity ?
  3. To what other phenomena is the economic activities related ?
  4. Why is the economic activity located where it is ?
  5. Would it not be better if located elsewhere ?

3. What do you mean by economic activities of man ? What are such economic activities ? 

Answer : The human activities that are performed for economic need in daily life are called Economic Activities. 

  There are four types of economic activities or occupations of man :

  1. Primary Occupation :  The human activity through which man collects resources from the nature is called primary occupation. For example agricultural activities , fishing activities, forest activities , etc.
  2. Secondary Occupation : The human activities through which man transforms the commodities collected from the nature into a usable form by using various technologies is called secondary occupation . For example manufacturing process , various types of construction and repairing works , etc. 
  3. Tertiary Occupation : The human activities through which the commodities produced by means of primary and secondary activities reach the consumers is called tertiary occupation . For example – transport, communication, marketing , etc.
  4. Quaternary Occupation : The human activity through which the secondary and tertiary activities can bee made more easy and productive is called quaternary occupation. For example – publicity media, administration , education and research, etc. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

4. Write briefly about the subject matter of the important branches of economic geography ?

Answer : The major branches of economic geography and their subject matter are : –

  1. Agriculture Geography    : Agriculture Geography An important branch of economic geography . The factors associated with agricultural activities , crop production and its associated theory , marketing and export – import of agricultural products , etc. 
  2. Industrial Geography : Here, Economic and other factors are associated with location of industry , marketing and export import of industrial products, etc.
  3. Geography of  Resources  :  Here types of resources  are regional regional distribution of resources , the factors associated with exploration and production of resources , relationship between resources and development , conservation and management of resources, etc. 
  4. Transport Geography :  Here, types of transport system and factors associated with it, role of transport an resources distribution , role of transport in movement and economic activities of man, role of transport system towards economic development , agricultural development, etc.
  5. Geography of Marketing : Here, the need of establishing markets and the associated factors , types of distribution of markets and associated theories etc. 
  6. Geography of planning and Development : Here, factors associated with economic development, planning strategies, sustainable development, regional and resources based development process, etc.
  7. Geography of Tourism : Here, tourism and factors associated with its growth , types of tourism, development and planning process of tourism system , etc . Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

5. Why ‘ Resource Geography” is known as an important branch of economic geography ?

Answer : The study of economic geography an all of it branches and sub branches is directly associated with geography of resources . It is because the economic development of any country depends greatly on the quality and availability of the countries resources. that is why resources geography is known as important branch of economic geography. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

6. What is meant by ” Resources ” ? Mention its main characteristics .

Answer : All the materials necessary for human living are called resources . As air, water, sunshine, plants, animals, fruits, mineral etc, are all useful to man these are all resources .

     The main characteristics of resource are of resource are utility, functionality, synamism.

7. ” Resource is dynamic “- Explain .

Answer : Resource is dynamic . Even though a community is not used by man today or it is harmful to man today, the same may be used for human welfare in future . It may be mentioned here that until construction of dam on the river Damodar for generation of hydropower and creation of irrigation facility, the Damodar river used to create flood havoc in West Bengal was considered as a resistance . Thus with the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology many such neutral stuff and resistance found on the earth are getting transformed into resource through human efforts . It is due to such a dynamic attribute of resource , a material or phenomena which is found to be useful today may get transformed in the course of time into a resistance or neutral stuff. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

8. Briefly discuss about the necessities of resources with examples .

Answer : The welfare of human society in various fields become possible only by resources. It has a great role to make the human life much easier and happier . The necessities of resources are not only related with personal welfare but also with public welfare . Due to the avilability of resources apart from fulfilling the man’s primary need that food shelter clothing and any other requirement , the improvement in the living condition has been possible. Many of resources useful to man are made available from the nature , most of them are transformed as per requirement into more consumable from by man.

9. Write in briefly about the relationship between the resources and man.

Answer : Resources and man are interrelated any materials found on the earth become a resources only at the hand of man. That is why resources and its use are directly associated with man and human societies. It may be mentioned that the resources are formed as a result of interactions among the nature man and nature including science and technology . Man is associated with resources in two different ways as produces and consumer of resource. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

10. Briefly discuss about the relationship between resources and science technology. 

Answer :  Resources and science technology are very much inter related the resources are formed as a result of the interaction among nature man and nature including science and technology. Although many resources useful to man are made available from the nature most of them are transformed as per requirement into  more consumable form by man with the help of science and technology with the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology new resources created and used with the development of science and technology many neutral staff and resistance found on the earth are gave in transformed into resources . Thus, resource and science technology are very much inter related. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

11. Write about the classification of resources with examples.

Answer : Based on process of origin resources is of three kinds –

  1. Natural Resources  : water , soil, plant , etc.
  2. Man made resources : cloth, paper , plastic , etc.
  3. Human resource : Educated and skilled man.
  • Based on structure resource is of two kinds –
  1. Biotic resources : Plants, animals, fish , etc. 
  2. Abiotic resources : coal, natural gas, mineral oil, etc.
  • Based on available and durable resources is of two kinds – 
  1. Renewable resources – air, sunshine, water, etc.
  2. Non-renewable resources – coal, minerals , natural gas etc.
  • Based on ownership resources of three – 
  1. Individual resources – good, character, education, etc.
  2. National resources – transport network , river, wild life, centuries, etc.
  3. International resources – Atmosphere, forest, seas, ocean, etc.

12. What is meant by natural resources ? Write briefly with example.

Answer : The resources for example sun shine , air, water, soil, plants, animals, minerals , river etc. which after natural formation remaining distributed on the earth, are known as natural resources. 

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources 

13. What is man made resource ? write in brief about its use with examples.

Answer : We known that many materials having collected from the nature are converted into more useable forms as per requirement by applying different technologies. Mention may be made in respect , for example – paper from bamboos ; cloth from cotton; different types of dyes , paints, synthetic cloth, chemical fertilizer, insecticides, soap, plastic, synthetic rubber, etc. different types of food , medicines, wood house construction materials etc.  are derived from plants. Such materials as produced through human efforts are known as man – made resources. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

14. What are the differences between renewable and non – renewable resources .

Answer : 

Renewable Non – renewable
1. Renewable resources are of biotic nature as for eg – plants, animals, fish, etc. 1. Non – resources are of abiotic in nature like – coal, mineral , oil, natural gas etc. 
2. It can be kept unexhausted after use eg- plants, sunshine. 2. It cannot be kept unexhausted after use eg- coal, menerlas,  oil etc.

15. What is meant by ” Conservation of resources ” ? What is its necessity ?

Answer : The concept or act of possible complete utilization of any resources without any destruction and misuse is known as conservation of resources.

16. Write in brief about the methods of resource conservation .

Answer :

Discovery of alternative resource : It is necessary to carry our required research and survey for exploring possible source of alternative resources even when the production of any highly used resource goes on. synthetic fibre in place of cotton fiber , synthetic rubber in place of natural rubber , etc are a few examples of alternative resources. 

Recycling – In order to reduce the use of raw materials with limited reserve usable disposed garbage can be  reused through the process of recycling . For instance , by the method of recycling of the old polythene bag , plastic bottle , paper, iron scrapes, etc the use of raw materials for such products can be reduced to some extent . Thus the recycling of some usable waste materials helps conservation of resources .

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Innovation –  Necessary study and research are to be undertaken to develop innovation in converting the resources collected from the nature into usable form. The use of organic fertilizer check the negative impact of the use of chemical fertilizers. 

Waste Control – If the wastes are properly collected and scientifically treated, a lot of new products can be obtained. e.g. the waste water from factories and city drains can be treated and converted into clean water again by using certain scientific methods.

Spread of knowledge regarding conservation :  A great deal of conservation can take place if the public is made aware of the need for conserving the vital resources of a country through public awareness campaigns , seminars , public involved management of resources etc.

Enforcement of conservation related acts : For proper conservation of resources , there should be proper laws to ban their misuse . The government  must take make sure that the acts are strictly implemented and stringent actions are taken against those who break such laws. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

17. Write in brief about the organizations associated with resources conservation and their role.

Answer : Rapid increase of population , overuse of existing resources , growing environmental problems caused by unscientific use of resources , etc. have resulted in the depletion of many vital resources of the world. Without adequate amount of resources , life on earth will become difficult and no country can progress  or develop . Therefore many international organizations  have been established to take steps to conserve existing resources and to reduce environment pollution caused by the use of resources. In this context , the following organizations deserve a special mention : 

  1. IUCN : It stands for international union for conservation of nature . It was formed in 1948 and has played a commendable role in preserving and conserving the existing resources of the world.
  2. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change : In India Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change has been established to coordinate the work of conservation of natural resources. It is responsible for the laws related to environmental protection and conservation of natural resources.
  3. Non – Governmental  Agencies : Non – governmental agencies like Centre for science and environment , Greenpeace India, Wildlife trust of India, etc. work for protection of environment in India. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

 

18. Write short notes : 

a ) Resource.

Answer :    It is necessary to have adequate skill, education, technology and desire among men so as to make the natural resources useful to man. It is because of these attributes, population is known as human resource. For example: The population of our country is known as Human Resource.

On the other hand man is the creator of resources. It is due to human resource development despite scarcity of many natural resources and raw materials for industries, the countries like Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc. have been able to occupy a high position in respect of development in the world.

b ) Wealth : Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating Old English word weal, which is from an Indo-European word stem. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of economics, and clearly so for growth economics and development economics, yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. A person possessing a substantial net worth is known as wealthy. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Some of the features of wealth are: 

(i) Wealth  possesses the features of utility as it has the power to satisfy human wants. 

(ii) The supply of Wealth is limited.

(iii) Wealth can be transferred from one individual to another through money or value.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(c) Resources conversation.

Ans: Resource conservation means that those resources on which sustainability depends are conserved and even enhanced by agronomic management. Soil organic matter is a good example of an ecosystem resource that is easily reduced without effective management. Soil organic matter declines rapidly in almost all cropping systems following initial cultivation typically to 40-60% of original values within a few decades. However, soil organic matter is a valuable resource, providing habitat and energy for soil organisms, a soil structure favorable for plant growth and water retention, and a chemical structure favorable for nutrient retention.

Resources mainly refer to God given assets like water, air, mountains, land and so on. All of these resources are getting polluted these days. 

(d) Renewable resource: Some of the earth’s abundant natural resources are not exhausted after consumption,

while others are steadily depleted. Renewable or inexhaustible resources are those that may be retained unexhausted after use through the process of regeneration. It indicates that sunlight, air, water, plants, animals, humans, crops, and so on are all renewable resources. These materials are abundant on the planet. Of course, some plant and animal species have been extinct for a long time or are on the verge of becoming extinct owing to overuse or a variety of physical or human conditions. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(e) Personal resource: Individual or Personal Resources are the possessions of an individual man, such as land, household items, and positive self traits, such as good character, education, working skill, and so on. They are man’s private property or traits that differ from one person to the next in terms of his or her capability.

(f) National resources: National Resources include all resources within a country’s obligation or possession, such as transportation networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, flora and animals in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, governance, and so on. Kaziranga National Park, for example, is a national resource.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(g) Biotic resource: The resources that have life are classified as biotic based on their physical structure or composition. Plants, animals, fish, crops, and so on are examples of biotic resources, while the atmosphere, forests, and so on are examples of international resources.

(h) Resource conservation : The use of resources and their conservation are inextricably linked. Conservation of

Resources refers to the notion or act of utilising all available resources without destroying or misusing them. It indicates that the major goal of resource conservation is to collect and use the required resources from nature in such a way that we all continue to benefit from them. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Write the differences between:

(a) Resource and wealth: All materials required for human survival are referred to as “resources.” The earth’s air, water, sun rays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals, and so on are all necessary to man. As a result, these are all resources. Man collects these materials, mostly from nature, through various techniques.

The resources that have monetary value in exchange are referred to as wealth in economic terms. Notably, aside from utility, the supply of wealth is rather restricted, and it may be transferred from one person to another in the form of money or value. For example, land, a house, a portion, and so on.

(b) Economic geography and resource geography : Economic Geography is the field of Geography that studies human activities linked with resource creation, distribution, consumption, and exchange in spatial and temporal contexts.

Resource geography, on the other hand, studies resource kinds, regional distribution of resources, factors connected with resource exploration and production, the interaction between resources and development, conservation and management of resources, and so on. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(c) Resources and neutral stuff : All materials required for human survival are referred to as “resources.” For example, the earth’s air, water, sun rays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals, and so on are all essential to man. Materials discovered on Earth that are neither useful nor detrimental to man are referred to as “neutral stuff.” For example, until man discovered the use of coal or mineral oil in the generation of power, they were simply neutral stuff.

d) Biotic and abiotic resources: The resources that have life are referred to as Biotic Resources based on their physical structure or composition. Plants, animals, fish, crops, and so on are examples of biotic resources. Abiotic Resources, on the other hand, are those that do not contain life. Abiotic resources include soil, rock, water, air,

e) Renewable and non-renewable resources : Renewable or inexhaustible resources are those that may be retained unexhausted after use through the process of regeneration. Sunlight, air, water, plants, animals, humans, crops, and so on are examples of renewable resources.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Non-renewable or exhaustible non-renewable resource resources, on the other hand, are resources that cannot be regenerated after use and are entirely depleted. Coal, mineral oil, and minerals are a few examples. When such resources are depleted, they are depleted indefinitely. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(f) Personal resource and national resource: Individual or Personal Resources are the possessions of an individual man, such as land, household items, and positive self traits, such as good character, education, working skill, and so on.

National Resources include all resources within a country’s obligation or possession, such as transportation networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, flora and animals in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, governance, and so on.

(g) Man-made resource and human resource : Man-made resources are materials that are created via human labour. It is important for men to have appropriate talent, knowledge, technology, and drive in order to make natural resources useful to man. For example, bamboo paper, cotton cloth, various types of dyes, paint, and so on.

It is important for men to have the appropriate talent, knowledge, technology, and drive in order to make natural resources useful to man. Because of these characteristics, the population is referred to as a human resource.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(h) Recycling of resources and innovation : To reduce the use of raw resources with limited reserves, usable discharged garbage can be repurposed through the recycling process. For example, the consumption of raw materials for such items can be decreased to some extent by recycling old polythene bags, plastic bottles, paper, iron scraps, and so on. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

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HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

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INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS || HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

 

Page No – 18

 

  1. You have been provided with three test tubes , one of them contains distilled water and the other two contain  an acidic solution and a basic solution,  respectively . If you are given only red litmus paper , how will you identify the contents of each test tube ?

Ans: If red litmus paper to all three test tubes , the test tube in which red litmus changes into blue contains basic solutions . Use this blue litmus paper to test the solutions in other two test tubes. The test tube in which there is no change will contain water.

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

 

Page No – 22

 

  1. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels ?

Ans : Curd and sour substances are acidic and acids react with copper vessels and brass to form toxic compounds . So, curd and sour substances are not kept in brass and copper vessels . HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

 

 

2. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal ? Illustrate with an example . How will you test for the presence of this gas ?

Ans: i. H 2 gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal.

ii. Illustrations : Set up an apparatus as shown . take some zinc granules in the test tubes. Add about 5 m L dilute hydrochloric acid slowly. soon the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid starts and hydrogen gas is involved.

iii. Test for H2 gas : H2 gas is not soluble in water , when passed through soap solution , if gets trapped into bubbles which burn with explosion .

 

 

3.  Metal compound a reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle . Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of the compounds formed a calcium chloride.

Ans: Metal compound A is Ca CO 3

Gas evolved is CO 2

Balanced equation

Ca CO 3 (s) + 2 H Cl (aq) ———> Ca Cl 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l)

 

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Page No – 25 || HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

  1. Why do H Cl , H NO 3 etc , show acidic characters in aqueous solution while solutions of compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character ?

Ans : H+ ions in aqueous solution are responsible for acidic character . H Cl , H NO 3 etc. generate H+ ions in water while C2 H5 OH and glucose do not do so and hence do not show acidic character.

 

 

2. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity ?

Ans: Acid when forms a solution in water , gets ionised , due to the presence of these ions electricity is conducted through it.

 

 

3. Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper ?

Ans: Dry HCl    gas does not generate H+ ions and hence does not change the colour of dry litmus paper.

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

4. While diluting an acid , why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid ?

Ans: When acid and water mix ,the reaction is highly exothermic , the acid may splash , cause burns and even the container can break . To avoid this and allow the heat evolved to be absorbed by  water . Slowly acid is added to water for diluting it. HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

5. How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H 3 O + ) affected when a solution of an acid is diluted ?

Ans: When a given amount of an acid is added to water there area fixed number of hydronium ions per unit volume of the solution . On dilution the number of hydronium per unit volume decreases and concentration of hydronium ion decreases.

 

 

6. How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) affected when excess base is dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide ?

Ans: When base is mixed with water there is decrease in the concentration of OH– ions per unit volume.

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions
HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

 

Page No – 28 || HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

  1. You have two solutions , A and B . The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8 . Which solution has more hydrogen ion concentration ? Which of this acidic and which one is basic ?

Ans : Solution A has more hydrogen ion concentration . Solution A is slightly acidic and solution B slightly basic.

 

 

2. What effect does the concentration of H+ (aq) ions have on the nature of the solution ?

Ans: If a solution has highly concentration of H+ ions it is more acidic in nature.

 

 

3. Do basic solutions also have H+ (aq) ions ? If yes , then why  are these basic ?

Ans: Yes , basic solution also have H+ ions but they are basic in nature due to more number of OH– ions.

 

 

4. Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime ( calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide ) or chalk ( calcium carbonate ) ?

Ans: Plants work well in the pH range 6 – 8 . So when the soil becomes acidic, farmers treat the soil fields with bases like quick lime or slaked lime or chalk.

 

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Page No – 33 || HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

  1. What is the common name of the compound CaOCl2 ?

Ans : The common name of CaOCl2 is bleaching powder and chemical name calcium oxychloride.

 

 

2. Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder .

Ans : Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] when treated with chlorine yields bleaching powder.

Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ———–> CaOCl2 + H2O

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

3. Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water .

Ans: Sodium Carbonate.

 

 

4. What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated ? Give the equation of the reaction involved .

ans: When sodium hydrocarbonate is heated , sodium carbonate , water and carbon dioxide gas is obtained .

2 NaHCO3 —–(heat)—–> Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2

 

 

5. Write an equation to show the reaction between plaster of Paris and water.

Ans : 2 CaSO4 . 1/2 H2O + H2O ————> 2 CaSO4 . 2 H2O

 

 

 

TEXT BOOK EXERCISES || HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

 

  1. A solution turns red litmus blue , its pH is likely to be
  1. 1
  2. 4
  3. 5
  4. 10

Ans: d. 10

 

 

2. A solution reacts with crushed egg – shells to give a gas that turns lime water milky . The solution contains

  1. NaCl
  2. HCl
  3. LiCl
  4. KCl

Ans: b. HCl

 

 

3. 10 mL of a solution of  NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given solution of HCl . If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH , the amount HCl solution required to neutralise it will be

  1. 4 mL
  2.  8 mL
  3. 12 mL
  4. 16 mL

Ans : d. 16 mL

 

 

4. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion ?

  1. Antibiotic
  2. Analgesic
  3. Antacid
  4. Antiseptic

Ans : c. Antacid

 

 

5. Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when –

  1. dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
  2. dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
  3. dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.
  4. dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings.

Ans:

a.  step I  Zinc granule + dilute hydrochloric acid ———-> Zinc chloride + hydrogen gas

step II  Zn (s) + dil HCl (aq) ———–> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g)

step III  Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ———–> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2(g)

 

b.   step I  Magnesium + dilute Hydrochloric acid  ——–> magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas

step II  Mg (s) + dil HCl (aq) ———> MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

step III  Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ———-> MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

 

c.  step I  Aluminium + dilute sulphuric acid ——–> Aluminium sulphate + Hydrogen gas

step II  Al (s) + dil H2SO4 ———-> Al2 (SO4)3 + H2 (g)

step III   2Al (s) + 3H2SO4(aq) ———-> Al2(SO4)3(aq) +H2 (g)

 

d. step I  Iron + dilute hydrochloric acid ——-> Iron chloride + Hydrogen

step II  Fe (s) + dil HCl (aq) ———> FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

step III Fe(s) + 2HCl (aq) ——-> FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

 

6. Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.

Ans : Take a beaker and keep and cork in it with two nails fixed on it. Connect the nails to the battery , bulb and key as shown in the figure. Now add ethanol in it and record your observation repeat the same set up for glucose and record your observations .

Observation : The bulb will not glow because charge is not flowing through it .

Conclusion : The experiment shows that glucose and ethanol do not ionise , H+ ions are not released , therefore they do not conduct elctricity. HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

 

Picture

Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.
Compounds such as alcohol and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorised as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.

 

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

 

7. Why does distilled  water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does ?

Ans : Rain water contains ions of acids and so it conducts electricity whereas there are no ions in distilled water.

 

 

8. Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water ?

Ans: Acids in water give hydronium ions which are responsible for their acidic behaviour . But in the absence of water acids do not generate hydronium ions and thus do not show acidic behaviour.

 

 

9. Five solutions A,B,C,D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively . which solution is

  1. neutral
  2. strongly alkaline
  3. strongly acidic
  4. weakly acidic
  5. weakly alkaline

Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen – ion concentration.

Ans : a. D     b. C     c. B     d. A      e. E

pH values in increasing order of hydrogen – ion concentration :

11< 9 < 7< 4< 1 .

 

 

10. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B . Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A , while acetic acid ( CH3COOH) is added to test tube B . Amount and concentration taken for both the acids are same . In which test tube will the fizzing occur more vigorously and why ?

Ans : In test tube A  hydrochloric acid is present  which is a strong acid as compared  to acetic acid  in test tube B. The fizzing occurs more vigorously in test tube A as HCl is strong and dissociates completely into H+ and Cl– ions for the reactions.

 

 

11. Fresh milk has a pH of 6 . How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd ? Explain your answer .

Ans : pH of milk falls below 6 as it turns into curd due to the formation of lactic acid during this process.

 

 

12. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk .

a. Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline ?

b. Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd ?

Ans : a. pH is shifted to alkaline so that milk does not spoil by becoming curd and does not release lactic acid . The formation of lactic acid is prevented by adding baking soda which is alkaline in nature.

b. Milk will take long time to set as curd because milk is made alkaline by addind baking soda and the lactic acid released , if any will get neutralised by the alkali and slowly it will become acidic .

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

 

13. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture – proof container. Explain why ?

Ans: Plaster of Paris is Calcium sulphate hemihydrate ( CaSO4 . 1/2 H2O). On exaposure to moisture it absorbs moisture and becomes gypsum (CaSO4 . 2H2O) which does not have the required setting property.

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions 

14. What is a neutralisation reaction ? Give two examples .

Ans : The reaction in which acid reacts with base ( loses their property ) to form salt and water is called neutralisation reaction. e.g ;

i. HCl (aq) [acid] + NaOH (aq) [base]——–> NaCl [salt] + H2O [water]

ii. HCl (aq) + KOH (aq) ————> KCl + + H2O

 

HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

15. Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Ans : Uses of washing soda :

i. It is used in glass , soap and paper industries.

ii. It is used to remove permanent hardness of water.

Uses of baking soda :

i. It is used as an antacid .

ii. It is used in soda , acid , fire extinguisher.

 

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HSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acids-Bases and Salts Solutions

 

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প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

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১।  চমু উত্তৰ দিয়া || প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

(ক) ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰীক কি কবি বুলি জনা যায়?

উত্তৰঃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰীক বিহগী কবি বুলি জনা যায় ।

(খ) ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰীৰ কবিতা পুথি দুখনৰ নাম লিখা।

উত্তৰঃ সাদৰী, কেতেকী, কাৰবালা, দহিকতৰা আদি।

(গ) প্ৰকৃতিক কোনে সাদৰি আনিলে বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে?

উত্তৰঃ প্ৰকৃতিক নতুন কুঁহিপাতে সা আনিলে বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে।

(ঘ) মন্দিৰৰ উপেক্ষিত কি ফুলে প্ৰেম পৰিমল যচা বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে?

উত্তৰঃ মন্দিৰৰ উপেক্ষিত ৰবাব ফুলে প্ৰেম পৰিমল যচা বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে।

(ঙ) জল, স্থল আৰু ক’ত দেৱতাৰ মহা অভিযান চলিছে?

উত্তৰঃ জল,স্থল আৰু অন্তৰীক্ষত দেৱতাৰ মহা অভিযান চলিছে।

(চ) মহামহিমৰ গান কিহে গায় বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে?

উত্তৰঃ মহমহিমৰ গান কীচক বেণুৱে গায় বুলি কবিয়ে কৈছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

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২। কবিতাটোত কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ কি কি বস্তু টানি আনিছে লিখা ।


উত্তৰ: এই কবিতাটোত কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজেৰে সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিছে। ইয়াত সূৰ্য্যৰ পোহৰে পৃথিৱীত পোহৰাই তুলিছে । ন কুঁহিপাতে প্ৰকৃতিক সাদৰি আনিছে। চৌদিশে ফুলি থকা ফুল বোৰৰ প্ৰাণ আনন্দেৰে ভৰি পৰিছে। মন্দিৰৰ উপেক্ষিত ৰবাব ফুলেও প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে। চৰাই চিৰিকটিৰ সুমধুৰ গীতে জল , স্থল , অন্তৰীক্ষ সকলোতে যেন দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান পাইছে। এইদৰে কবিয়ে প্রকৃতিৰ বিভিন্ন উপাদান টানি আনি ৰাতিপুৱাৰ এটি সুন্দৰ বৰ্ণনা ডাঙি ধৰিছে।

৩। কবিতাটোত কবিয়ে কিয় আৰু কাৰ প্ৰশস্তি কৰিছে ?


উত্তৰ : প্ৰকৃতি কবি ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী সুন্দৰৰ পূজাৰী। কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ  বিভিন্ন সমলৰ মাজত অফুৰন্ত সৌন্দৰ্য্য দেখিবলৈ পায়। প্ৰশস্তি কবিতাটোত কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ বিভিন্ন সমলৰ মাজত দেখা পোৱা সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ আধাৰত সুন্দৰক আৰাধনা কৰিছে। ৰাতিপুৱাৰ ৰাঙলী আভাই পোহৰাই তোলা পৃথিৱীখনক ন কুঁহিপাত ন সাজেৰে সজাই পৰাই তুলিছে। চৌদিশে ফুলি থকা ফুলবোৰৰ প্ৰাণ আনন্দেৰে উদ্ভাসিত হৈ উঠিছে। মন্দিৰত উপেক্ষিত হৈ ৰোৱা ৰৱাব ফুলে ও প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে । সুমধুৰ কণ্ঠেৰে গোৱা চৰাই চিৰিকতি গীতেও যেন সকলোতে দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান কৰিছে। কবিয়ে মানুহক কালৰাত্ৰিৰ শেষত মুক্তিৰ বাট বিচাৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। মোহন কীচক বেনুয়ে বতাহত সৃষ্টি কৰ্তাৰ গান গাইছে। কবিয়ে ভক্তবৃন্দক তন্দ্ৰা ত্যাগ কৰি সুন্দৰৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ কৈছে। প্ৰকৃতিৰ মোহ মোহিনী সুধাৰ মাজত কবিয়ে বাৰে বাৰে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব অনুভৱ কৰিছে আৰু সকলোকে এই ঈশ্বৰ ৰ প্ৰশস্তি কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers || Class 10 Assamese Lesson 3 Answer (SEBA) | প্ৰশস্তি

প্ৰশস্তি দশম শ্ৰেণীৰ অসমীয়া অধ্যায় ৩ প্ৰশ্নৰ উত্তৰ

৪। কবিতা টোত প্ৰকৃতিৰ সুধাৰ মাজত কিদৰে সুন্দৰৰ সাধনা লুকাই আছে বিৱৰি লিখা।


উত্তৰ : বিহগী কবি ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী য়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ বিভিন্ন সমলৰ মাজত দেখা পোৱা সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিছে। কবি চৌধাৰী দেৱ সুন্দৰৰ উপাসক আৰু প্ৰকৃতি প্ৰেমী। গতিকে , প্ৰকৃতিৰ প্ৰতিটো বিষয়ত কবিয়ে সুন্দৰৰ অফুৰন্ত সমল বিচাৰি পায়। ৰাতিপুৱা সূৰ্যৰ ৰাঙলী আঁভাই চৌদিশে উদ্ভাসিত কৰি তোলা পৃথিৱীত গছ গছনি  ন সাজেৰে সজাই তুলিছে। চৌদিশে ফুলি থকা সুন্দৰ ফুলবোৰৰ প্ৰাণ আনন্দেৰে ভৰি পৰিছে। আনকি, মন্দিৰত উপেক্ষিত হৈ ৰোৱা ৰবাব ফূলেও যেন প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে। ৰাতিপুৱাৰ চৰাই চিৰিকটি বোৰেও যেন সুমধুৰ কন্ঠৰে গীত গাই জল,স্থল, অন্তৰীক্ষ সকলোতে দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান কৰিছে। কবিয়ে অমৃতৰ সন্তান মানুহক কালৰাত্ৰি ৰ শেষত মুক্তিৰ বাট বিচাৰিবলৈ কৈছে। কীচক বেনুৱে বতাহত মহামহিমৰ গান গাইছে। কবিয়ে ভক্ত সকলক তন্ত্ৰাৰ মোহ ত্যাগ কৰি উঠিবলৈ কৈছে আৰু সুন্দৰ ক ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ মাজত বাৰে বাৰে সুন্দৰৰ অস্তিত্ব অনুভৱ কৰিছে। এই প্ৰকৃতিৰ ৰূপ বা সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা ৰ আঁৰত কবিতাটোত ঈশ্বৰ ভক্তিৰ স্বৰূপ সুন্দৰকৈ প্ৰকাশ পাইছে।

৫ । প্ৰশস্তি কবিতাটোৰ মূলভাৱ লিখা ।


উত্তৰ :  বিহগী কবি ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী দেৱে প্ৰশস্তি কবিতাটোৰ দ্বাৰা সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা আৰু প্ৰকৃতিৰ প্ৰতি থকা প্ৰীতি সুন্দৰকৈ ফুটাই তুলিছে। ন কুহিপাতে চোৱৰেৰে বিচি প্ৰকৃতিক যেন আদৰি আদি সেই সুন্দৰ প্ৰকৃতিক দেখি চৌদিশে ফুলি থকা ফুলবোৰৰ প্ৰাণ আনন্দত মতলীয়া হৈছে। আনকি মন্দিৰত উপেক্ষিত হৈ ৰোৱা ৰবাব ফুলেও তাত প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে। সুললিত কণ্ঠে গীত গাই চৰাই চিৰীকতি বোৰে সকলোতে যেন দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান কৰিছে। কালৰাত্ৰিৰ শেষত কবিয়ে অমৃতৰ সন্তান মানুহক মুক্তিৰ পথ বিচাৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। মোহন কীচক বেণুৱে অনাহত ছন্দেৰে গীত গাই ঈশ্বৰৰ বন্দনা কৰিছে আৰু ভক্ত সকলক তন্ত্রাৰ মোহ এৰি সুন্দৰৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ কৈছে। এইদৰে কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজত বাৰে বাৰে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব দেখা পাইছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers


৬। উঠা হে ঋত্বিক ধ্যানী অমৃতৰ পুত্ৰ,

উঠা যত মুক্তি পথযাত্ৰী।”

– কবিয়ে কিয় এনেদৰে আহ্বান জনাইছে বুজাই লিখা


উত্তৰ : উক্ত কবিতা শাৰীত কবিয়ে ভক্ত সকলক সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। কবিয়ে ৰাতিপুৱাৰ সুন্দৰ ক্ষণত মানুহৰ মনত থকা সকলো বেয়া কথা ত্যাগ কৰি সকলোকে মুক্তিৰ পথ বিচাৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। মহা কালৰাত্ৰিৰ শেষত অৰ্থাৎ মানুহৰ সকলো কু কথা , কু  আচাৰ, কু ভাৱ ত্যাগ কৰি মুক্তিৰ পথ বিচাৰিব লাগে। মানুহে নিজৰ মাজত থকা অজ্ঞানতা আঁতৰ কৰি জ্ঞান লাভ কৰাৰ সময় আহি পৰিছে। সেয়েহে সকলোৱে এক ধ্যানে সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিব লাগে বুলি কবিয়ে ভক্তবৃন্দক আহ্বান জনাইছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers || Class 10 Assamese Lesson 3 Answer (SEBA) | প্ৰশস্তি

প্ৰশস্তি দশম শ্ৰেণীৰ অসমীয়া অধ্যায় ৩ প্ৰশ্নৰ উত্তৰ প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers



৭ । সুন্দৰৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ কবিয়ে ভক্তবৃন্দক কিয় আহ্বান জনাইছে বুজাই লিখা।


উত্তৰ : বিহগী কবি ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰীয়ে এই কবিতাটোৰ দ্বাৰা ভক্তসকলৰ সুন্দৰৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। চৌধাৰী দেৱে প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য সমূহৰ মাজেৰে সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিছে। পুৱাৰ সুৰুজৰ ৰাঙলী আভাই দিশোদিশ উদ্ভসিত কৰি তোলে। গছ বনে প্ৰকৃতিক ন সাজেৰে সজাই তুলিছিল। চৌদিশে ফুলি থকা সুন্দৰ ফুলবোৰ আনন্দত মতলীয়া হৈ পৰিছে। আনকি মন্দিৰৰ উপেক্ষিত ৰবাব ফুলেও প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে। সুলোলিত কণ্ঠৰে গীত গাই চৰাই চিৰিকটি বোৰেও দিশোদিশ যেন দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান কৰিছে। মোহন কীচক বেণুয়ে মহামহিমাৰ গান গাইছে। সেয়েহে কবিয়ে ভক্ত সকলক তন্ত্ৰাৰ মোহ ত্যাগ কৰি সুন্দৰৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

৮। বাখ্যা কৰা প্ৰশস্তি : 



(ক)  উঠে তৰু শিৰে শিৰে বন বিহঙ্গৰ

                 ছন্দভৰা সুমধুৰ তান,

জল, স্থল ,অন্তৰীক্ষ সকলোতে যেন

        দেৱতাৰ মহা অভিযান।।


উত্তৰ : উক্ত কবিতফাঁকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অন্তৰ্গত বিহগী কবি ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী দেৱৰ ৰচিত প্ৰশস্তি কবিতাটোৰ পৰা তুলি লোৱা হৈছে।

কবিতাফাকিৰ মাজেৰে কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ গছ লতাবোৰে কিদৰে নিজক সজাই তুলি দেৱতাৰ অভিযানৰ সন্ধান কৰিছে তাকে কবলৈ বিচাৰিছে।

কবিয়ে কৈছে যে ৰাতিপুৱা সুৰজৰ  ৰাঙলী আভাই গোটেই পৃথিৱী পোহৰাই তুলিছে। ন কুঁহিপাতে চোৱৰেৰে বিচি প্ৰকৃতিক যেন আদৰ সাদৰেৰে আগবঢ়াই আনিছে। ফুলবোৰেও যেন আনন্দত নাচি উঠে । আনকি মন্দিৰত উপেক্ষিত ৰবাব ফুলেও প্ৰেম পৰিমল যাচিছে। এনে এটা ধুনীয়া পৰিৱেশত চৰাই চিৰিকতিয়ে সুমধুৰ সুৰেৰে গীত গাই জল স্থল অন্তৰীক্ষ সকলোতে যেন দেৱতাৰ হে সন্ধান কৰিছে। এইদৰে কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ প্ৰতিটো বস্তুত নেদেখাজনৰ ৰূপ ধ্যান কৰিছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers


(খ) কৰি দীৰ্ণ জৰাজীৰ্ণ পঞ্জীভূত ক্লেদ

             শেষ হ’ল মহা কালৰাত্ৰি,

উঠা হে ঋত্বিক ধ্যানী অমৃতৰ পুত্ৰ,

            উঠা যত মুক্তি পথযাত্ৰী।


উত্তৰ : উক্ত কবিতাফাঁকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অন্তগৰ্ত ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী দেৱৰ দ্বাৰা ৰচিত “প্ৰশস্তি” নামৰ কবিতাটোৰ পৰা তুলি দিয়া হৈছে।

         প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজতেই ভগৱানৰ অস্তিত্ব বিচাৰি পাব পাৰি, সেইকথা ক’বলৈ গৈ কবিয়ে উক্ত কবিতাফাঁকি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।

        জীৱশ্ৰেষ্ঠ মানুহে সংসাৰৰ সাগৰত মত্ত হৈ থাকি যে শেষত মুক্তি বিচাৰি হাবাথুৰি খায়। মুক্তিৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকে কঠোৰ ধ্যান সাধনাত ব্যস্ত হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকে বহুতো পৱিত্ৰ তীৰ্থস্থানলৈ যায়, ভগৱানক লাভ কৰি মুক্তি পাবৰ বাবে। তেওঁলোকে ভগৱানক পাবলৈ বিচাৰে যাতে তেওঁলোকৰ মুক্তিৰ পথ প্ৰশস্ত হয়। কিন্তু কবিৰ মতে প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজতেই লুকাই আছে সুন্দৰৰ স্বৰূপ। ভগৱানেই সত্য সুন্দৰ। পুৱাৰ সূৰুযৰ ৰাঙলী কিৰণে উদ্ভাষিত কৰি তোলা বসুধালৈ যেন গছৰ নতুন সেউজীয়া কুঁহিপাতে প্ৰকৃতিক আদৰিহে আনিছে। চৌদিশে জকমকাই ফুলি উঠা ফুলবোৰে সকলোৰে মন প্ৰাণ হৰি নিছে। চৰাই-চিৰিকটিৰ সুমধুৰ সংগীতে যেন সকলোতে দেৱতাৰ সন্ধান হে দিছে। কীচক বেণুৱে বতাহত স্ৰষ্টাৰ গান গাইছে। ক্লেদযুজ পৰিৱেশ আতৰাই প্ৰকৃতিয়ে নতুন ৰূপ পৰিগ্ৰহ কৰিছে। মহা কালৰাত্ৰিৰ শেষ হৈ পৃথিৱীত নতুন ৰূপ উজ্বলি উঠিছে। কবিয়ে এই প্ৰকৃতিৰ সন্মোহিনী সুধাৰ মাজত ভগৱানৰ অস্তিত্ব বিচাৰি পাইছে। সেয়েহে প্ৰকৃতিপ্ৰেমী কবিয়ে ক’বলৈ বিচাৰিছে যে ভগৱানক পাবলৈ বেলেগে ধ্যান সাধনা কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই। একান্ত চিত্তে প্ৰকৃতিক ভাল পাব পাৰিলে, প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্যক প্ৰাণ ভৰি উপভোগ কৰিব পাৰিলে তাৰ মাজতেই ভগৱানৰ অস্তিত্ব পাব পাৰি। সেয়েহে কবিয়ে মুক্তি পথ যাত্ৰী সকলো মানৱক প্ৰকৃতিৰ মাজলৈ আহিবলৈ, প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্যক প্ৰাণ ভৰি উপভোগ কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে। প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

(গ) মোহন কীচক বেণু অনাহত ছন্দে
      গায় মহামহিমৰ গান,
মোহ তন্দ্ৰালস তেজি উঠা ভক্তবৃন্দ !
   সুন্দৰৰ কৰা ৰূপধ্যান।

উত্তৰ : উক্ত কবিতাফাঁকি আমাৰ পাঠ্যপুথিৰ অন্তগৰ্ত ৰঘুনাথ চৌধাৰী দেৱৰ দ্বাৰা ৰচিত “প্ৰশস্তি” নামৰ কবিতাটোৰ পৰা তুলি দিয়া হৈছে।

        সকলোকে এলাহ ভাৱ ত্যাগ কৰি প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্যক উপভোগ কৰাৰ প্ৰসংগত উক্ত কবিতাফাঁকি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।

         প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজতেই লুকাই আছে সুন্দৰৰ স্বৰূপ। ভগৱানেই হৈছে সত্য সুন্দৰ। কবিয়ে প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ আৰাধনা কৰিছে। প্ৰকৃতিৰ সন্মোহিনী সুধাৰ মাজত কবিয়ে বাৰে বাৰে নেদেখাজনৰ অস্তিত্ব বিচাৰি পাইছে। পুঁৱাৰ সূৰুযৰ ৰাঙলী কিৰণে উদ্ভাষিত কৰি তোলা বসুধালৈ যেন গছৰ নতুন সেউজীয়া কুঁহিপাতে যেন আদৰিহে আনিছে। চৌদিশে জকমকাই ফুলি উঠা ফুলবোৰে সকলোৰে মন প্ৰাণ হৰি নিছে। চৰাই-চিৰিকটিৰ সুমধুৰ সংগীতে যেন সকলোতে দেৱতাৰ সন্ধানহে দিছে। কীচক বেণুৱে বতাহত স্ৰষ্টাৰ গান গাইছে। এইদৰেই কবিয়ে সন্মোহিনী সুধাৰ মাজত বাৰে বাৰে নেদেখাজনৰ অস্তিত্ব বিচাৰি পাইছে। সেয়েহে কবিয়ে ভগৱানক বিচাৰি ফুৰা ভক্তসকলক তন্দ্ৰা ত্যাগ কৰি প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ মাজেৰে সুন্দৰৰ আৰাধনা কৰিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছে।

প্ৰশস্তি Class 10 Assamese Chapter 3 Question Answers

ভাষা বিষয়ক :



১।অৰ্থ লিখা
কিশলয়, চিত্তহাৰী , অন্তৰীক্ষ , তন্দ্রালস ।

উত্তৰঃ কিলশয় – কোঁহ, কুঁহিপাত।
চিত্ৰহাৰী – মন-প্ৰাণ হৰি নিয়া।
অন্তৰীক্ষ – আকাশ।
তন্ত্ৰালস – ক্লান্ত, টোপনি যোৱা অৱস্থা।



২।বাক্য ৰচনা কৰা :

দশােদিশ , উপেক্ষিত , জৰাজীর্ণ , অমৃত , মােহ ।


উত্তৰঃ দশোদিশ- কুলি কেতেকীৰ মাতে দিশোদিশে বসন্তৰ বতৰা বিলাই দিলে।
উপেক্ষিত – আগৰ দিনৰ স্ত্ৰীশিক্ষা সমাজত উপেক্ষিত হৈ ৰৈছিল।
জৰাজীৰ্ণ – ৰশ্মিয়ে জৰাজীৰ্ণ ঘৰত থাকিও উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষান্ত পৰীক্ষাত প্ৰথম স্থান পাইছিল।
অমৃত – ভোকাতুৰ অৱস্থাত শুদা ভাতো অমৃত তুল্য।
মোহ- মিছা মোহৰ বন্দী হৈ আমি আনৰ অপকাৰ কৰা উচিত নহয়।

৩। সমাৰ্থক শব্দ লিখা:

তৰু , মুক্তি , সুমধুৰ , অভিযান , ধ্যানী ।

উত্তৰঃ তৰু – বৃক্ষ, গছ, উদ্ভিদ।
মুক্তি – মোক্ষ, নিৰ্বাণ, মুকলি,ৰেহাই।
সুমধুৰ – মধুৰত্ব, সুমিষ্ট, মৌ – সনা।
অভিমান – পৰিক্ৰমা, অনুসন্ধান, পৰিভ্ৰমণ।
ধ্যানী – মনস্বী, ধ্যাতা, কৃতধী।

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