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Economic geography: Matter and Resources

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

1. What is Economic Geography ? What is it’s main subject matter ?Mention the important branches of Economic Geography ? 

Answer : The branch of geography in which the study of human geography in which the study of human activities associated with production distribution consumption and exchange of resources is done in spatial and temporal context is known as economic Geography. 

The main subject matter of economic geography is the study of human activities  on production , distribution and consumption . An economic activities men on nature are man made environment .

Agriculture geography , industrial geography , geography of resources, transport geography, marketing geography, geography of planning and development , geography of tourism, etc. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources 

2. Write in brief about the scope of economic geography ?

Answer : The distribution of economic activities and the factors and processes associated with it mainly studied in Economic Geography.

1.   Where is the Economic Activities located ?
2. What are the characteristics of Economic activity ?
3. To what other phenomena is the economic activities related ?
4. Why is the economic activity located where it is ?
5. Would it not be better if located elsewhere ?

3. What do you mean by economic activities of man ? What are such economic activities ? 

Answer : The human activities that are performed for economic need in daily life are called Economic Activities. 

  There are four types of economic activities or occupations of man :

1. Primary Occupation :  The human activity through which man collects resources from the nature is called primary occupation. For example agricultural activities , fishing activities, forest activities , etc.
2. Secondary Occupation : The human activities through which man transforms the commodities collected from the nature into a usable form by using various technologies is called secondary occupation . For example manufacturing process , various types of construction and repairing works , etc. 
3. Tertiary Occupation : The human activities through which the commodities produced by means of primary and secondary activities reach the consumers is called tertiary occupation . For example – transport, communication, marketing , etc.
4. Quaternary Occupation : The human activity through which the secondary and tertiary activities can bee made more easy and productive is called quaternary occupation. For example – publicity media, administration , education and research, etc. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

4. Write briefly about the subject matter of the important branches of economic geography ?

Answer : The major branches of economic geography and their subject matter are : –

1. Agriculture Geography    : Agriculture Geography An important branch of economic geography . The factors associated with agricultural activities , crop production and its associated theory , marketing and export – import of agricultural products , etc. 
2. Industrial Geography : Here, Economic and other factors are associated with location of industry , marketing and export import of industrial products, etc.
3. Geography of  Resources  :  Here types of resources  are regional regional distribution of resources , the factors associated with exploration and production of resources , relationship between resources and development , conservation and management of resources, etc. 
4. Transport Geography :  Here, types of transport system and factors associated with it, role of transport an resources distribution , role of transport in movement and economic activities of man, role of transport system towards economic development , agricultural development, etc.
5. Geography of Marketing : Here, the need of establishing markets and the associated factors , types of distribution of markets and associated theories etc. 
6. Geography of planning and Development : Here, factors associated with economic development, planning strategies, sustainable development, regional and resources based development process, etc.
7. Geography of Tourism : Here, tourism and factors associated with its growth , types of tourism, development and planning process of tourism system , etc . Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

5. Why ‘ Resource Geography” is known as an important branch of economic geography ?

Answer : The study of economic geography an all of it branches and sub branches is directly associated with geography of resources . It is because the economic development of any country depends greatly on the quality and availability of the countries resources. that is why resources geography is known as important branch of economic geography. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

6. What is meant by ” Resources ” ? Mention its main characteristics .

Answer : All the materials necessary for human living are called resources . As air, water, sunshine, plants, animals, fruits, mineral etc, are all useful to man these are all resources .

     The main characteristics of resource are of resource are utility, functionality, synamism.

7. ” Resource is dynamic “- Explain .

Answer : Resource is dynamic . Even though a community is not used by man today or it is harmful to man today, the same may be used for human welfare in future . It may be mentioned here that until construction of dam on the river Damodar for generation of hydropower and creation of irrigation facility, the Damodar river used to create flood havoc in West Bengal was considered as a resistance . Thus with the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology many such neutral stuff and resistance found on the earth are getting transformed into resource through human efforts . It is due to such a dynamic attribute of resource , a material or phenomena which is found to be useful today may get transformed in the course of time into a resistance or neutral stuff. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

8. Briefly discuss about the necessities of resources with examples .

Answer : The welfare of human society in various fields become possible only by resources. It has a great role to make the human life much easier and happier . The necessities of resources are not only related with personal welfare but also with public welfare . Due to the avilability of resources apart from fulfilling the man’s primary need that food shelter clothing and any other requirement , the improvement in the living condition has been possible. Many of resources useful to man are made available from the nature , most of them are transformed as per requirement into more consumable from by man.

9. Write in briefly about the relationship between the resources and man.

Answer : Resources and man are interrelated any materials found on the earth become a resources only at the hand of man. That is why resources and its use are directly associated with man and human societies. It may be mentioned that the resources are formed as a result of interactions among the nature man and nature including science and technology . Man is associated with resources in two different ways as produces and consumer of resource. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

10. Briefly discuss about the relationship between resources and science technology. 

Answer :  Resources and science technology are very much inter related the resources are formed as a result of the interaction among nature man and nature including science and technology. Although many resources useful to man are made available from the nature most of them are transformed as per requirement into  more consumable form by man with the help of science and technology with the expansion of human knowledge and development of science and technology new resources created and used with the development of science and technology many neutral staff and resistance found on the earth are gave in transformed into resources . Thus, resource and science technology are very much inter related. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

11. Write about the classification of resources with examples.

Answer : Based on process of origin resources is of three kinds –

1. Natural Resources  : water , soil, plant , etc.
2. Man made resources : cloth, paper , plastic , etc.
3. Human resource : Educated and skilled man.

• Based on structure resource is of two kinds –

1. Biotic resources : Plants, animals, fish , etc. 
2. Abiotic resources : coal, natural gas, mineral oil, etc.

• Based on available and durable resources is of two kinds – 

1. Renewable resources – air, sunshine, water, etc.
2. Non-renewable resources – coal, minerals , natural gas etc.

• Based on ownership resources of three – 

1. Individual resources – good, character, education, etc.
2. National resources – transport network , river, wild life, centuries, etc.
3. International resources – Atmosphere, forest, seas, ocean, etc.

12. What is meant by natural resources ? Write briefly with example.

Answer : The resources for example sun shine , air, water, soil, plants, animals, minerals , river etc. which after natural formation remaining distributed on the earth, are known as natural resources. 

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources 

13. What is man made resource ? write in brief about its use with examples.

Answer : We known that many materials having collected from the nature are converted into more useable forms as per requirement by applying different technologies. Mention may be made in respect , for example – paper from bamboos ; cloth from cotton; different types of dyes , paints, synthetic cloth, chemical fertilizer, insecticides, soap, plastic, synthetic rubber, etc. different types of food , medicines, wood house construction materials etc.  are derived from plants. Such materials as produced through human efforts are known as man – made resources. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

14. What are the differences between renewable and non – renewable resources .

Answer : 

15. What is meant by ” Conservation of resources ” ? What is its necessity ?

Answer : The concept or act of possible complete utilization of any resources without any destruction and misuse is known as conservation of resources.

16. Write in brief about the methods of resource conservation .

Answer :

Discovery of alternative resource : It is necessary to carry our required research and survey for exploring possible source of alternative resources even when the production of any highly used resource goes on. synthetic fibre in place of cotton fiber , synthetic rubber in place of natural rubber , etc are a few examples of alternative resources. 

Recycling – In order to reduce the use of raw materials with limited reserve usable disposed garbage can be  reused through the process of recycling . For instance , by the method of recycling of the old polythene bag , plastic bottle , paper, iron scrapes, etc the use of raw materials for such products can be reduced to some extent . Thus the recycling of some usable waste materials helps conservation of resources .

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Innovation –  Necessary study and research are to be undertaken to develop innovation in converting the resources collected from the nature into usable form. The use of organic fertilizer check the negative impact of the use of chemical fertilizers. 

Waste Control – If the wastes are properly collected and scientifically treated, a lot of new products can be obtained. e.g. the waste water from factories and city drains can be treated and converted into clean water again by using certain scientific methods.

Spread of knowledge regarding conservation :  A great deal of conservation can take place if the public is made aware of the need for conserving the vital resources of a country through public awareness campaigns , seminars , public involved management of resources etc.

Enforcement of conservation related acts : For proper conservation of resources , there should be proper laws to ban their misuse . The government  must take make sure that the acts are strictly implemented and stringent actions are taken against those who break such laws. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

17. Write in brief about the organizations associated with resources conservation and their role.

Answer : Rapid increase of population , overuse of existing resources , growing environmental problems caused by unscientific use of resources , etc. have resulted in the depletion of many vital resources of the world. Without adequate amount of resources , life on earth will become difficult and no country can progress  or develop . Therefore many international organizations  have been established to take steps to conserve existing resources and to reduce environment pollution caused by the use of resources. In this context , the following organizations deserve a special mention : 

1. IUCN : It stands for international union for conservation of nature . It was formed in 1948 and has played a commendable role in preserving and conserving the existing resources of the world.
2. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate change : In India Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change has been established to coordinate the work of conservation of natural resources. It is responsible for the laws related to environmental protection and conservation of natural resources.
3. Non – Governmental  Agencies : Non – governmental agencies like Centre for science and environment , Greenpeace India, Wildlife trust of India, etc. work for protection of environment in India. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

18. Write short notes : 

a ) Resource.

Answer :    It is necessary to have adequate skill, education, technology and desire among men so as to make the natural resources useful to man. It is because of these attributes, population is known as human resource. For example: The population of our country is known as Human Resource.

On the other hand man is the creator of resources. It is due to human resource development despite scarcity of many natural resources and raw materials for industries, the countries like Japan, Switzerland, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea etc. have been able to occupy a high position in respect of development in the world.

b ) Wealth : Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating Old English word weal, which is from an Indo-European word stem. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of economics, and clearly so for growth economics and development economics, yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. A person possessing a substantial net worth is known as wealthy. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Some of the features of wealth are: 

(i) Wealth  possesses the features of utility as it has the power to satisfy human wants. 

(ii) The supply of Wealth is limited.

(iii) Wealth can be transferred from one individual to another through money or value.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(c) Resources conversation.

Resources mainly refer to God given assets like water, air, mountains, land and so on. All of these resources are getting polluted these days. 

(d) Renewable resource: Some of the earth’s abundant natural resources are not exhausted after consumption,

while others are steadily depleted. Renewable or inexhaustible resources are those that may be retained unexhausted after use through the process of regeneration. It indicates that sunlight, air, water, plants, animals, humans, crops, and so on are all renewable resources. These materials are abundant on the planet. Of course, some plant and animal species have been extinct for a long time or are on the verge of becoming extinct owing to overuse or a variety of physical or human conditions. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(e) Personal resource: Individual or Personal Resources are the possessions of an individual man, such as land, household items, and positive self traits, such as good character, education, working skill, and so on. They are man’s private property or traits that differ from one person to the next in terms of his or her capability.

(f) National resources: National Resources include all resources within a country’s obligation or possession, such as transportation networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, flora and animals in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, governance, and so on. Kaziranga National Park, for example, is a national resource.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(g) Biotic resource: The resources that have life are classified as biotic based on their physical structure or composition. Plants, animals, fish, crops, and so on are examples of biotic resources, while the atmosphere, forests, and so on are examples of international resources.

(h) Resource conservation : The use of resources and their conservation are inextricably linked. Conservation of

Resources refers to the notion or act of utilising all available resources without destroying or misusing them. It indicates that the major goal of resource conservation is to collect and use the required resources from nature in such a way that we all continue to benefit from them. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Write the differences between:

(a) Resource and wealth: All materials required for human survival are referred to as “resources.” The earth’s air, water, sun rays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals, and so on are all necessary to man. As a result, these are all resources. Man collects these materials, mostly from nature, through various techniques.

The resources that have monetary value in exchange are referred to as wealth in economic terms. Notably, aside from utility, the supply of wealth is rather restricted, and it may be transferred from one person to another in the form of money or value. For example, land, a house, a portion, and so on.

(b) Economic geography and resource geography : Economic Geography is the field of Geography that studies human activities linked with resource creation, distribution, consumption, and exchange in spatial and temporal contexts.

Resource geography, on the other hand, studies resource kinds, regional distribution of resources, factors connected with resource exploration and production, the interaction between resources and development, conservation and management of resources, and so on. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(c) Resources and neutral stuff : All materials required for human survival are referred to as “resources.” For example, the earth’s air, water, sun rays, soil, plants, fruits, minerals, and so on are all essential to man. Materials discovered on Earth that are neither useful nor detrimental to man are referred to as “neutral stuff.” For example, until man discovered the use of coal or mineral oil in the generation of power, they were simply neutral stuff.

d) Biotic and abiotic resources: The resources that have life are referred to as Biotic Resources based on their physical structure or composition. Plants, animals, fish, crops, and so on are examples of biotic resources. Abiotic Resources, on the other hand, are those that do not contain life. Abiotic resources include soil, rock, water, air,

e) Renewable and non-renewable resources : Renewable or inexhaustible resources are those that may be retained unexhausted after use through the process of regeneration. Sunlight, air, water, plants, animals, humans, crops, and so on are examples of renewable resources.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

Non-renewable or exhaustible non-renewable resource resources, on the other hand, are resources that cannot be regenerated after use and are entirely depleted. Coal, mineral oil, and minerals are a few examples. When such resources are depleted, they are depleted indefinitely. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(f) Personal resource and national resource: Individual or Personal Resources are the possessions of an individual man, such as land, household items, and positive self traits, such as good character, education, working skill, and so on.

National Resources include all resources within a country’s obligation or possession, such as transportation networks, land, rivers, bridges, wildlife sanctuaries, flora and animals in forests, educational institutions, administrative systems, governance, and so on.

(g) Man-made resource and human resource : Man-made resources are materials that are created via human labour. It is important for men to have appropriate talent, knowledge, technology, and drive in order to make natural resources useful to man. For example, bamboo paper, cotton cloth, various types of dyes, paint, and so on.

It is important for men to have the appropriate talent, knowledge, technology, and drive in order to make natural resources useful to man. Because of these characteristics, the population is referred to as a human resource.

Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources

(h) Recycling of resources and innovation : To reduce the use of raw resources with limited reserves, usable discharged garbage can be repurposed through the recycling process. For example, the consumption of raw materials for such items can be decreased to some extent by recycling old polythene bags, plastic bottles, paper, iron scraps, and so on. Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Economic Geography: Matter and Resources