|| Use of Article in Assamese||

   There is no doubt that articles are adjectives since they modify the nouns after them. But articles have some special significance as determiners.  Articles determine the standard of nouns.

  A,An,The- এই তিনিটাক Articles বুলি কোৱা হয় । A আৰু An -ক Indefinite (অনিৰ্দেশক) Article আৰু ‘the’ -ক Definite (নিৰ্দেশক) Article বোলা হয় ।

 

* There are two types of articles:

1.Definite Article(নিৰ্দেশক) –  the

The makes the noun something particular and definite.

 

2.Indefinite Article(অনিৰ্দেশক) –  a & an

A & an – make the noun something general and indefinite.

 

                                      

 

          » Indefinite Article -ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

১) Singular countable noun -ৰ আগত ‘a’ বা ‘an’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় । Consonant sound ৰ আগত a আৰু Vowel sound -ৰ আগত ‘an’ বহে । আখৰ কেইটা Vowel বা Consonent হ’লেই নহয়, ধ্বনিটোৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰিহে a বা an বহে ।
    উদাহৰণ- A boy, An honest boy, A B.A, An M.P, An umbrella, A dog, An ox, An M.A., An M.L.A.


২) কিছুমান শব্দ vowel আখৰেৰে আৰম্ভ হ’লেও আৰম্ভণিৰ ধ্বনিটো ‘yu’ উচ্চাৰণ হ’লে তাৰ আগত ‘a’ বহে ।

    উদাহৰণ- A union, A university, A European, A useful thing.


৩) শব্দৰ আগত থকা ‘O’ এই vowel -ৰ উচ্চাৰণ যদি ‘oa'(ওয়া) ৰ দৰে হয়, তাৰ আগতে ‘a’ বহে ।
    
    উদাহৰণ- A one rupee note, A one-eyed man.


৪) গোটেই শ্ৰেণী বা জাতিটো বুজাবলৈ Singular countable noun -ৰ আগত Articles (a,an) ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। কিন্তু Man আৰু Woman শব্দ এনে অৰ্থত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে Article ব্যৱহাৰ নহয় ।

   উদাহৰণ- A cow is a useful animal.
                  A horse can run fast.
                  A cat is fond of milk.
                  Man is mortal.
                  Woman is physically weak.

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             » Definite Article-ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ

১) গোটেই শ্রেণী বা জাতিটো বুজাবলৈ Singular countable noun ৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
     
       উদাহৰণ- The cow gives us milk.
                      The horse can run fast.
                      The cat is fond of milk.
                    

২) নৈ, সাগৰ, মহাসাগৰ, পৰ্বত শ্ৰেণী, প্ৰসিদ্ধ পুথি, বাতৰি কাকত, প্ৰসিদ্ধ ঘটনা, দ্বীপপুঞ্জ আদিৰ নামৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।

      উদাহৰণ- She is reading the Ramayana.
                  The Brahmaputra is a big river.
              I always read the Assam Tribune.
The Himalayas are on the North of India.


৩) সূৰ্য, চন্দ্ৰ, আকাশ, পৃথিৱী, গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ, দিশৰ আগত ‘The’ বহে ।
      
       উদাহৰণ- The Earth is Round.
                       The Sun rises is the east.
                       The Moon is up.
                       The sky is blue.
    
৪) বিশেষ অৰ্থযুক্ত দেশ, প্ৰদেশ আৰু বিশ্ববিখ‍্যত সংস্থাৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।

     উদাহৰণ- The U.S.A is a rich country.
                 The looks after the world peace.

৫) Superlative degree ৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ
হয়।

     উদাহৰণ- Ram is the best boy in the class.
  Jadu is the strongest boy is our class.

Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.


৬)Noun হিচাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হোৱা Adjective ৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।
    উদাহৰণ- The rich are not always happy.
        The strong should protect the weak.

Note:- Adjective ৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে গোটেই জাতিটোক বুজায় ।
   যেনে- The Rich= rich man.
             The poor= poor man.


৭) সাধাৰণতে Abstract Noun ৰ আগত Article নবহে । কিন্তু নিৰ্দিষ্ট বস্তু বা ব্যাক্তিৰ গুণ, কাৰ্য বিশেষকৈ বুজালে Abstract Noun ৰ আগত ‘The’ ব্যৱহাৰ হয় ।

      উদাহৰণ-
   I cannot forget the kindness of the man.
   The honesty of the boy charmed me.

 

                                                || Use of Articles in English ||

                                                                             *Use of “A”

 

1. It is used before a word beginning with a consonant.

     Example:- a book, a wall, a room,a pen.

 

2. It is used before vowels that have a sound of yoo/you.

Example:- a useful book, a university, a European, a union, a uniform, a unique book

 

3. It is uses before the word ONE as it begins with the consonant sound of ‘wa’.

Example:- A one rupee coin, a one way road.

 

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4. Sometimes indefinite articles are used to refer the number ‘one’/’each’/’per’.

Example:

• I earned a thousand dollar in that job. (One thousand dollar)
• I have a car. (One car)
• It goes 50 miles an hour. (Per Hour)

 

5. Indefinite articles often precede descriptive adjectives.

Example:

• He is a good boy.
• What a nice car!

 

6. ‘A’ sometimes comes before determiners, for example,  a few, a little, a lot of, a most, etc. but in the case of many, a or an – comes after.

Example:

• I have a few friends coming over.
• There is a little milk in the jar.
• Many a fan welcomed

 

 

                                               *Use of ‘AN ‘

1. It is used before a word beginning with a vowel ( vowel sound)

Example : An orphan, An ink-pot, An igloo

 

2. It is uses with a mute “h”

Example:- An hour, An honest man

 

3. It is used before abbreviations, if consonants begin with a vowel sound.

Example:- An M.B.A , An M.L.A, An M.P, An X-RAY, An S.P

 

                                                *Use of “THE”

1. It is used before a noun when we want to make it particular. Example:- This is the book you gave me on my birthday.

2. It is used with “SUPERLATIVE DEGREE”

Example:- The brightest star, The most beautiful painting

3. It is used with things which are only of its kind. Example:- The Sun, The Moon, The Earth.

4. It is used with the names of –

• Rivers – The Bramhaputra, The Ganga
• Seas and Oceans – The Indian Ocean
• Holy Books – The Bible, The Ramayana
• Newspapers – The Assam Tribune, The Times of India
• Mountain Ranges – The Himalays
• Directions – The South, The North, The East
• The Whole Family – The Baruas, The Das Family

5. Before musical instruments. Example – He can play the flute .

6. Before caste and communities. Example – The Rajputs are brave people.

7. Before inventions. Example – The telephone, He is listing to the radio.

8. Before the organs of Governments. Example – The Judiciary; The legislature

9. Before Political parties. Example – The BJP, The Labour Party.

10. Before the Armed Forces. Example – The Police, The Army, The air forces.

11. Before nationality. Example – The Indians The Japanese

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Use of Article in Assamese

More use of ‘THE’ →

»Using Definite Article: the

Rule 1:

‘The’ is used to indicate a particular person(s) or thing(s) in the case of common nouns. Proper nouns generally do not take an article.

Example:

• The man is running. (A particular man)
• I saw the boy stealing.
• Where is the pen I gave you last year?
• I gave him a ball, but he lost the ball. (‘a ball’ became ‘the ball’ in the second clause because that ball was not a random ball anymore.)

Rule 2:

Sometimes ‘the’ is used to generalize a group/whole class.

Example:

• The dog is a faithful animal. (Refers to the whole species of dog.)
• The English are industrious. (Refers to the people of England as a nation)
• The honest are respected. (The+adjectives = plural noun)
• The poor are not always dishonest. (The+adjectives = plural noun)

Rule 3:

To particularise a non-count noun ‘the’ is required before it.

Example:

• The water of the Arctic ocean is freezing.
• Please return the money I lent you last year.

Rule 4:

‘The’ is mandatory before a thing which is only one of a kind in the universe.

Example:

• The moon is shining tonight.
• The earth is moving around the sun.

Use of ‘the’ before geographical places :

Rule 5:

Using ‘the’ with geographical nouns generally depends on the size and plurality of the things those nouns refer to. ‘The’ is generally used everywhere except some cases. So, it’s better to know those exceptions first.

‘The’ must not precede:

• Names of continents: Asia, Europe, Australia, Africa, South America, North America, Antarctica.
• Names of countries: Australia, Bolivia, England, France, Spain, etc.
• Names of states, cities, or towns: Los Angeles, Alaska, Sydney, London,
• Names of streets: George street, Albion Street, New town street,
• Names of singular lakes and bays: Lake Carey, Lake Eyre, Lake Hillier, Shark Bay,
• Names of single mountains: Mount Everest, Mount Solitary, Mount Bindo, Mount Fuji, etc.
• Names of single islands: Easter Island, Bare Island, Bird Island, Fatima Island,
• Names of languages: Spanish, Russian, English,  (When ‘the’ precedes these nouns, they refer to the population of those languages.)
• Names of sports: cricket, football, basketball,
• Names of discipline/subject of studies: biology, history, computer science,mathematics, 

The’ must precede:

• Names of oceans, gulfs, seas, and rivers: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Coral Sea, the Timor Sea, the Persian Gulf,the Nile, the Murray River, the Darling River, etc.
• Names of countries with united states or islands: the United States of America (the USA), the UK, the UAE, the Philippines, etc.
• Names of great lakes: the Great Lakes, the African Great Lakes
• Names of mountain ranges: the Himalayas, the Alps, the Andes, etc.
• Names of a group of Islands: the West Indies, the Andamans, etc.

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