LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
Page No- 95
INTEXT QUESTIONS of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
- Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirement of multicellular organisms like humans?
Ans: In multicellular organisms, all the cells may not be in direct contact with the surrounding environment . Thus simple diffusion will not be the requirements of all the cells.
2. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
Ans: Some movements either visible like locomotion from one place to another and growth related movements or invisible movement such as movement of molecules are the criteria whether something is alive.
3. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
Ans: An organism uses outside raw materials mostly in the form of food (since life on earth depends on carbon based molecules,most of these food sources are also carbon based ) and oxygen . The raw materials required by an organism can be quite varied depending on the complexity of the organism and its environment.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
4. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?
Ans: Life processes such as nutrition , respiration, transportation, excretion etc. are essential for maintaining life.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
Page No. 101 of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
- What are differences between autotrophic nutration and heterotrophic nutration ?
Ans:
| Autotrophic Nutrition | Heterotrophic Nutration |
| (i) Food is synthesized from simple inorganic raw materials such as CO 2 and water. | (i) Food is obtained directly or indirectly from autotrophs. This food is broken down with the help of enzymes. |
| (ii) Presence of green Pigment (chlorophyll) and sunlight is necessary. | (ii) No pigment is required in this type of nutrition. |
| (iii) Food is made from inorganic component. | (iii) Food is made from organic component. |
| (iv) Food is generally prepared during day time. | (iv) Food can be prepared at all times. |
| (v) All green plants and some bacteria have this type of nutrition. | (v) All animals and fungi have this type of nutrition. |
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
2. What do plants get each of the raw materials required for photo synthesis?
Ans: Plants need the following things :
(i) Carbon dioxide : which plants get from the atmosphere through stomata.
(ii) Water : which plants absorb from the soil through roots and transport to leaves.
(iii) Sunlight: which plants get from the sun.
(iv) Chlorophyll is present in chloroplast found in green leaves and green parts of plants.
3. What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
Ans: The acid in our stomach mainly hydrochloric acid (H Cl) plays several important roles:
- Digestion of food : It helps break down food, especially proteins , by creating an acidic environment for the enzyme pepsin to function.
- Killing harmful microbes : The acid kills many bacteria and pathogens that enter the body through food.
- Activating enzymes : It activates pepsinogen into pepsin , the enzyme that digests proteins.
4. What is the function of digestive enzymes ?
Ans: Digestive enzymes help in the break down of complex food substances into simple , soluble forms that can be easily absorbed by the body.
- Break down food : Enzymes convert carbohydrates , proteins, and fats into simple sugars ,amino acids and fatty acids.
Examples :
Amylase : Breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugar.
Lipase : Breaks down fats(lipid) into fatty acid.
Proteases (like pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin): Break down proteins into amino acids.
ii. Speed Up Digestion : They act as biological catalysts, speeding up the chemical reactions during digestion.
iii. Help in Absorption : By breaking food into small molecules , they make it easier for the body to absorb nutrients in the small intestine.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
5. How is the small intestine designed to absorb the digested food ?
Ans : The small intestine has millions of tiny finger like projections called villi . These villi increase the surface area for food absorption . Within these villi , many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the blood stream. From the blood stream , the absorbed food is delivered to each and every cell of the body.
Page No: 105 of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
- What advantage over on aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration ?
Ans: The organisms that live in water use oxygen dissolved in surrounding water.Since air dissolved in water has fairly low concentration of oxygen, the aquatic organism have much faster rate of breathing.
Terrestrial organisms take oxygen from the oxygen rich atmosphere , through respiratory organs. So, they have much breathing rate than aquatic organisms.
2. What are the different ways in which glucose in oxidized to provide energy in various organisms?
Ans: Break down of glucose by various pathways for different organisms are:
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
3. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
Ans: Transport of oxygen(O 2):
Oxygen enters the lungs when we inhale. It passes from the alveoli (air sacs) into the blood in capillaries. Haemoglobin , a protein in red blood cells (RBCs) binds with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin. This oxyhaemoglobin is transported through the blood to different parts of the body. In the tissues , oxygen is released and used for cellular respiration.
Transported of carbon dioxide(CO 2)
Carbon dioxide is a waste gas produced during respiration in the cells. It is carried back to the lungs in three ways
: 70% as bicarbonate ions in the plasma .
20-23% binds to haemoglobin
A small amount ( about 7% ) is dissolved directly in the plasma.
In the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.
4. How are lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases?
Ans: The lungs contain alveoli which provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place. The walls of the alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels . These alveoli increase surface area for exchange of gases . There are 750 million alveoli in the lungs of man . If the alveolar surface is spread out it would cover about 80 m2 . Thus it makes efficient exchange of gases.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
Page No – 110 of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
- What are the component of transport system in human tan beings ? What are function of these components ?
Ans: The components of the transport system in human beings are the heart , blood and blood vessels.
Functions of the components :
(i) Heart : Heart is a pumping organ to push blood around the body. It receives deoxygenated blood from the body parts and pump it to lungs for enriching with oxygen. It receives purified blood from lungs and pumps it around the body.
(ii) Blood : Blood is fluid connective tissue . It consists of plasma in which the cells are suspended such as WBC and RBC . Plasma transports food , carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes in dissolved form. RBC transports oxygen. Blood also transport many other substances like hormones, salt etc. Platelets present in the blood stop bleed from injuries by forming blood clots.
(iii) Blood vessels : The blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood are called arteries . They divide to form capillaries of finer dimensions . Exchange of materials takes place across the capillaries . It is possible because the wall of capillaries are extremely thin. The blood from the tissues is returned by veins.
2. Why it is necessary to separate the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds ?
Ans: Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body. Such separation allows a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body . This is useful in animals that have high energy needs , such as birds and mammals, which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
3. What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants ?
Ans : The component of the transport system in highly organised plants are :
Xylem and Phloem.
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4. How are water and minerals transported in plants ?
Ans : Water and Minerals are transported in plants by the Xylem :
- The roots of a plant have hair called root hairs.
- These root hairs absorb water and minerals from soil since these are directly in contact with the film of water in between the soil particles.
- Water gets into the root hair by the process of diffusion.
- These minerals and water absorbed by root hair pass from cell to cell by osmosis through the epidermis , root cortex , endodermis and reach the reach the root xylem.
- The pressure at the top of the xylem vessels is lowered whereas the pressure at the bottom of the xylem vessels remains high.
- Due to this , the water flows up the xylem vessels into the leaves , where it leaves by transpiration.
5. How is food transported in plants ?
Ans: Phloem transports food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plants . The transportation of food in phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP which helps in creating osmotic pressure that transports food from the area of high concentration to low concentration. This movement of food materials is carried out in phloem by sieve tubes with the help of companion cells.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
Page No – 112 of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
- Describe the structure and functioning of nephron.
Ans: Structure of nephron :
A nephron is made up of a globular double walled. Bowman’s capsule around a clump of capillaries of glomerulus and a tubule surrounded by blood capillaries. The tabule consists of a proximal convoluted portion, the loop of Henle , with descending and ascending limbs and a distal convoluted part.
Function of Nephron :
- Filtration : (i) Filtration of blood takes place in Bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of glomerulus.
(ii) Blood is filtered under pressure and waste products , water , salts and glucose pass into the nephron tubules.
b. Reabsorption : Useful substances like glucose , amino acids and some water and salts are reabsorbed into the blood from the nephron tubule.
c. Secretion : Some extra ions and wastes are secreted into the nephron from the blood , helping to maintain balance in the body.
d. Formation of Urine : After filtration and reabsorbtion , the remaining waste forms urine, which moves to the collecting duct and then to the bladder for excretion.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
2. What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products ?
Ans: Plants can get rid of excess water by transpiration . For other wastes , plants use the fact that many of their tissues consist of dead cells and that they can even lose parts such as leaves . Many plant waste waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles. Waste products may be stored in leaves that fall off. Other waste products are stored as resins and gums, especially in old xylem. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.
3. How is the amount of urine produced regulated ?
Ans:
- Amount of urine formed depends upon how much excess water there is in the body.
- When there is more quantity of dissolved wastes in the body , more quantity of water is required to excrete them. So, the amount of urine produced increases.
- The amount of urine produced is also regulated by certain hormones which control the movement of water and Na ions out of the nephrons.
Page No – 133 of LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6
Select the correct option:
- The kidneys in human being are a part of the system for :
- Nutrition
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Transportation
Ans: c. Excretion
2. The xylem in plants are responsible for :
- Transport of water
- Transport of food
- Transport of amino acid
- Transport of oxygen
Ans: a. Transport of water
3. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires :
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water
- Chlorophyll
- sunlight
- All of above
Ans: d. All of above
4. The break down of pyruvate to give CO2 , water and energy takes place in :
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplast
- Nucleus
Ans: b. Mitochondria
5. How are fats digested in our bodies ? where does the process take place ?
Ans: Fats are present in the form of large globules in the small intestine . The small intestine receives the secretions from the liver and the pancreas. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains enzymes like trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
The walls of the small intestine contain glands which secrete intestinal juice . The enzymes present in it finally convert the fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Digestion of fat takes place in the small intestine.
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6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food ?
Ans: Role of saliva in digestion of food :
- The saliva contains salivary amylase enzyme that breaks down starch to sugars like maltose.
- The saliva moisten the food that help in chewing and breaking down the big pieces of food into smaller ones so that salivary amylase can digest the starch efficiently.
7. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by products ?
Ans: The necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition :
- Presence of chlorophyll in the living cells.
- CO 2 is necessary.
- Sunlight is necessary
- Water is required
By products : Molecular oxygen is liberated as a by product.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
8. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
Ans :
| Aerobic Respiration | Anaerobic Respiration |
| (i)It takes place in the presence of oxygen. | (i) It takes place in the absence of oxygen. |
| (ii) Complete oxidation of glucose takes place. | (ii) Glucose molecule is incompletely broken down. |
| (iii) Large amount of energy is released. | (iii) Small amount of energy is released. |
Anaerobic respiration takes place in bacteria , yeast and muscle cells.
9. How are the alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases ?
Ans: i. Alveoli are pouch – like air sac that is made up of simple squamous epithelium. It has a thin cell wall to facilitate gaseous exchange.
ii.The presence of millions of alveoli in the lungs provides ample surface area to facilitate gaseous exchange between the air in alveoli and blood in surrounding capillaries.
iii. Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar and capillary wall into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuses from blood across the mentioned walls into the alveoli.
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
10. What would be consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies ?
Ans: Consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin :
- Haemoglobin is a pigment that is helpful in supplying oxygen in all the parts of the body through blood.
- It is present in the Red Blood Cells and acts as a carrier of oxygen.
- The deficiency of haemoglobin makes an individual anemic which means fewer red blood cells.
- The deficiency of haemoglobin will decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
- A decrease in haemoglobin in blood will lead to slow functioning of body parts and weakness due to the less supply of oxygen.
11. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary ?
Ans: Double circulation : In human beings the blood goes through the heart twice during each. i.e. the blood passes through the human heart two times to supply once to the whole body . So, it is called the double circulation of blood .
The double circulation of blood includes :
(i) Systemic circulation and
(ii) Pulmonary circulation.
i. Systemic circulation : It supplies oxygenated blood from left auricle to left ventricle there by pumped to various body parts . The deoxygenated blood is collected from various body organs by the veins to pour into vena cava and finally into right atrium. Right atrium transfers the blood into the right ventricle .
ii. Pulmonary circulation: The deoxygenated blood is pushed by the right ventricle into the lungs for oxygenation. The oxygenated blood is brought back to left atrium of the human heart. From left atrium the oxygenated blood is pushed into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into aorta for systematic circulation.
Necessity of double circulation : The right side and the left side of the human heart is useful to keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mining. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body . This is useful in case of humans constantly require energy to maintain their body temperature.
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12. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem ?
Ans:
| Xylem | Phloem |
| i. Water is absorbed by the roots and is transported to the aerial parts of the plant like the stem and leaves. | i. Food is formed in the leaves from where it is transported to the storage organs and the growing parts of the plants. |
| ii.In xylem , upward movement of water and dissolved minerals transferred into phloem tissue is mainly achieved by transpiration pull. It is caused due to suction ,created by evaporation of water molecules from the cells of leaves. | ii. In translocation , material is transferred in the phloem tissue emerge from ATP . This increase the osmotic pressure that moves the materials in the phloem to tissue which have less pressure |
LIFE PROCESS Class 10 Science Chapter 6 All Question and Answers
13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephron in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.
Ans : The comparison of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys are as follow:
| Alveoli | Nephron |
| i. It is the structural and functional unit of lungs. | i. It is the structural and functional unit of kidneys. |
| ii.Alveoli only provide surface for enchange of gasses in the lungs. | ii. Tubular part of nephron also carries the urine to collecting duct. |
| iii. Alveoli are very small and a large number of them are present in each lung | iii. A large number of nephron , basic filtration unit one present in each kidney. |
| iv. It removes carbon dioxide from the blood. | iv. It removes nitrogenous wastes from the blood. |
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