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planets

The Giant Planets

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THE GIANT PLANETS :

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. WHAT ARE SATURN’S RINGS?
Ans: Saturn’s rings are the planets shining halo, first seen by Galileo Galilei ( I564-1642), who invented the first simple telescope in 1609. The rings are made of countless billions of tiny chips of ice and dust, few bigger than a refrigerator and most the size of ice cubes. The rings are incredibly thin no more than 50 m deep yet they stretch from 7,000 km to 74,000 km out into space. One of Saturn’s rings is as thin as a piece of tissue paper being stretched over a football pitch.

 


2. HOW WINDY IS SATURN?
Ans: Saturn’s winds are even faster th roar round up to I,800 km/h. But Neptune’s a even faster!Jupiter’s and the planet.

 


3. WHAT IS THE CASSINI DIVISION?

Ans: Saturn’s rings occur in broad bands referred to by the letters A to G. In 167 the astronomer Cassini spotted a dart gap between rings A and B. This is now called the Cassini division, after him.

 


4. HOW MANY MOONS HAS SATURN?

Ans: Saturn has at least 18 moons, including Lapetus, which is dark on one side and light on the other.

 


5. HOW BIG IS JUPITER?
Ans: Very big. Even though Jupiter is largely gas, it weighs 320 times as much as the Earth and is 142,984 km in diameter.

 


6. HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE JUPITER TO ORBIT THE SUN?
Ans: Jupiter takes 11 years and 314 days (by our Earth calendar) to complete its journey around the Sun.

 


7. WHAT ARE THE GIANT PLANETS?
Ans: Jupiter and Saturn, the fifth and sixth planets out from the Sun, are the giants of the solar system. Jupiter is twice as heavy as all the planets put together. Saturn is almost as big. Unlike the inner planets, they are both made largely of gas, and only their very core is rocky. This does not mean they are vast cloud balls. The enormous pressure of gravity means the gas is squeezed until it becomes liquid, and even solid.

 


8. COULD YOU LAND ON JUPITER?
Ans: No. Even if your spaceship could withstand the enormous pressures, there is no surface to land on – the atmosphere merges unnoticeably into deep oceans of liquid hydrogen.

 


9. HOW FAST DOES JUPITER SPIN?
Ans: Jupiter spins faster than any other planet. Despite its huge size, it turns right around in just 9 hours 55 minutes, which means the surface is moving at 45,000 km/h!

 

 

The Inner Planets

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THE INNER PLANETS :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. WHAT ARE THE INNER PLANETS?
Ans: The inner planets are the four planets in the solar system that are nearest to the Sun. These planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are small planets made of rock, unlike the bigger planets further out, which are made mostly of gas. Because they are made of rock, they have a hard surface a spaceship could land on, which is why they are sometimes called terrestrial(earth) planets. They all have a thin atmosphere, but each is very different.

 

2. WHY IS MARS RED?
Ans: Mars is red because it is rusty.The surface contains a high proportion of iron dust, and this has been oxidized in the carbon dioxide atmosphere.

 

3. WHAT’S FRIGHTENING ABOUT MARS’S MOONS?
Ans: One night American astronomer Asaph Hall got fed up with studying Mars and decided to go to bed.But his domineering wife bullied him into staying up and that night he discovered Mars’s two moons.Mocking his fear of his wife,he named the moons Phobos (fear) and Deimos (panic), after the attendants of the Roman war god, Mars.

 

4. LIFE ON MARS?
Ans: The Viking landers of the 1970 s found no trace of life. Then, in 1996, microscopic fossils of what might be mini-viruses were found in a rock from Mars.These turned out not to be signs of life after all.

 

5. WHY IS VENUS CALLED THE EVENING STAR?
Ans: Venus reflects sunlight so well it shines like a star. But because it is quite close to the Sun, we can see it in the evening, just after the Sun sets.We can also see it just before sunrise.

 

6. WHAT ARE THE INNER PLANETS MADE OF?
Ans: Each of the inner planets is formed a little bit like an egg with a hard “shell” or crust of rock, a “white” or mantle of soft, semi-molten rock, and a”yolk” or core of hot, often molten, iron and nickel.

 

7. WHAT CANYON IS BIGGER THAN THE GRAND CANYON?
Ans: A canyon on Mars! The surface of Mars is more stable than Earth’s, and there is no rain or running water to wear down the landscape. It has a volcano called Olympus Mons which is 17 miles (27 km s)high three times higher than Mount Everest. It also has a great chasm, discovered by the Mariner 9 space probe and called the Valles Marineris. This is
over 4,000 km long and four times as deep as America’s Grand Canyon.

 

8. COULD YOU BREATHE ON MERCURY?
Ans: Not without your own oxygen supply. Mercury has almost no atmosphere-just a few wisps of sodium because gases are burned off by the nearby Sun.

 

9. WHAT IS THE AIR ON VENUS?
Ans: Venus’s atmosphere would be deadly for humans. It is very deep, so the pressure on the ground is huge. It is made mainly of poisonous carbon dioxide and is also filled with clouds of sulphuric acid.

 

10. HOW HOT IS MERCURY?
Ans: Temperatures on Mercury veer from one extreme to the other because it has too thin an atmosphere to insulate it. In the day, temperatures soar to 400° C; at night they plunge to -175°C.